{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291221",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/291221",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/291221",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "291221",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 99,
    "current_lane_count": 61,
    "active_market_count": 61,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1502503.9959181887,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1458297.3215649754,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1681499.3783589785,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1629132.2229781265,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1189957.409695219,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -4.855957114372689,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.271400226288495,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.573076691506662,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 810893.5797085956,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 3327877.288197102,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.429033805879351,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 396346.49550183205,
    "top_market_share_pct": 26.379064320532635,
    "destination_hhi": 1086.441651960268,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 32.37815862505579,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.32950819451344004,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1651033463791856,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.2294815349953,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 30.303030303030305,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 291221,
      "hs_description": "Aldehydes: cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2912,
      "substitution_elasticity": -10.222299,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Aldehydes: cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2912,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 291221,
        "corridor_rank": 37,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16370.375239286128,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 26712.817939784978,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11830.412117439133,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13820.41296612271,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 39890.80347918116,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.220573946315046,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.5067270828508,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.699006766018779,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 158642.6888682771,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10964032.680779852,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.4784328197037331,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9298,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.0991,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.14930979974169262,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.03851073392628271,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.576183213899576,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3182.04,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3363476957393396,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.17491982820738,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 291221,
      "num_markets": 77,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LKA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 935000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 443.33333333333337,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4640,
      "price_spread_pct": 20141.307471264365,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.052583333333332,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 5984512
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 235241.79821517123,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.529186646703565
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 329893.52029897424,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.23592864956204
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 331526.85817242746,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.49511062599015676
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 448972.9524449325,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 35.425815850920046
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 847840.7675033126,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 88.84005436993492
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 642589.8444866762,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.208664042076094
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 600557.5320444705,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.541079477498206
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 752041.0256746481,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.22381046733095
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 822643.3501190849,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.388094802554184
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 936081.2297366819,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.789436163457205
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1407990.218366458,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.41325193140806
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1693172.761447238,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 20.254582692459827
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1743412.1984389427,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.967177250640538
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1842788.615073017,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.700110204749995
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1458297.3215649752,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.8646445046985
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "291221",
    "hs_description": "Aldehydes: cyclic, without other oxygen function, benzaldehyde",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2912
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 291221,
      "corridor_rank": 37,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 21,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16370.375239286128,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 26712.817939784978,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11830.412117439133,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13820.41296612271,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 39890.80347918116,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.220573946315046,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.5067270828508,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.699006766018779,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 158642.6888682771,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10964032.680779852,
      "historical_peak_year": 2019,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.4784328197037331,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9298,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.0991,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.14930979974169262,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.03851073392628271,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.576183213899576,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3182.04,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.3363476957393396,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.17491982820738,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 291221,
    "num_markets": 77,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LKA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 935000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 443.33333333333337,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4640,
    "price_spread_pct": 20141.307471264365,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 4.052583333333332,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 5984512
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 235241.79821517123,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.529186646703565
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 329893.52029897424,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.23592864956204
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 331526.85817242746,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.49511062599015676
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 448972.9524449325,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 35.425815850920046
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 847840.7675033126,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 88.84005436993492
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 642589.8444866762,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.208664042076094
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 600557.5320444705,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.541079477498206
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 752041.0256746481,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.22381046733095
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 822643.3501190849,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.388094802554184
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 936081.2297366819,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.789436163457205
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1407990.218366458,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.41325193140806
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1693172.761447238,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 20.254582692459827
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1743412.1984389427,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.967177250640538
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1842788.615073017,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.700110204749995
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1458297.3215649752,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.8646445046985
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}