{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290410",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/290410",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290410",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "290410",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 135,
    "current_lane_count": 80,
    "active_market_count": 80,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 19301066.97232205,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 17672863.14499875,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23711346.805755634,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24313068.56174599,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 26111849.28548992,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.994245230857242,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.130958540773134,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.999248095793197,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 20016498.708556663,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 113011823.50053567,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.994997135064045,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3047048.0599136716,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.786941023950508,
    "destination_hhi": 697.2510932618175,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 24.751770984065683,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.826527528491121,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1944736608653772,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 91.35235315897687,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 29.62962962962963,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 290410,
      "hs_description": "Derivatives of hydrocarbons: containing only sulpho groups, their salts and ethyl esters, whether or not halogenated",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2904,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Derivatives of hydrocarbons: containing only sulpho groups, their salts and ethyl esters, whether or not halogenated",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2904,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 290410,
        "corridor_rank": 44,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3047048.0599136716,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 795077.2276292293,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3281903.8824328803,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2795574.269245973,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1786799.9729186438,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 16.798140501740356,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.342859739601632,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 31.758873476761806,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3749917.1430187873,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42666491.09540371,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.96073297502145,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.0387,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3368,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.141548277547291,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.056986126609602,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.935855411349223,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1518.53,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.334971742462532,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.5848223229993,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 290410,
        "corridor_rank": 76,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1702849.0596137259,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1078939.5007185712,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 591683.8423869031,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2317994.6987657594,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1470847.6097138692,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -44.13201785286949,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.075708906715453,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -9.029512645096261,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9765336.133374387,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17083732.91362371,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.10250520777323,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.0935,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.8557,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 52,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 9.967663790012548,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 9.712894512836751,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.71612246175307,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1721.37,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 2.0139955495309203,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95657877330775,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 290410,
      "num_markets": 96,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LBN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 867000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.33333333333334,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2450.1462377027383,
      "price_spread_pct": 35376.527871224454,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 288.5012567975831,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 121169358
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 18610585.388704166,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.755217683021405
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 18820981.631744962,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1305192106880095
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 28871348.428348176,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.399801313505705
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 27987918.7253884,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.059883763836796
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 32809048.791609347,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.225754131719707
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 15047201.19213088,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.13703918176659
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 16039331.42887319,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.593453653435278
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 20054831.330771804,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.0353321751935
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 65414088.89247029,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 226.176210677474
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 22997697.201923117,
        "active_destinations": 74,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -64.84289915017017
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 19529607.120852053,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.080162377218597
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 30901695.270611,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.22998936633393
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 28375146.93696416,
        "active_destinations": 76,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.176083258609138
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 25086030.335303977,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.59154033269681
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 17672863.14499875,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.550977540964524
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "290410",
    "hs_description": "Derivatives of hydrocarbons: containing only sulpho groups, their salts and ethyl esters, whether or not halogenated",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2904
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 290410,
      "corridor_rank": 44,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 3047048.0599136716,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 795077.2276292293,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3281903.8824328803,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2795574.269245973,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1786799.9729186438,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 16.798140501740356,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.342859739601632,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 31.758873476761806,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3749917.1430187873,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 42666491.09540371,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.53846153846154,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.96073297502145,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 16.0387,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.3368,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.141548277547291,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.056986126609602,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.935855411349223,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 30,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1518.53,
      "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.30189875567878793,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.334971742462532,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 82.5848223229993,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 290410,
      "corridor_rank": 76,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 26,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1702849.0596137259,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1078939.5007185712,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 591683.8423869031,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2317994.6987657594,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1470847.6097138692,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -44.13201785286949,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.075708906715453,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -9.029512645096261,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9765336.133374387,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17083732.91362371,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -35.10250520777323,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.0935,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.8557,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 52,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 9.967663790012548,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 9.712894512836751,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 28.71612246175307,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1721.37,
      "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 2.0139955495309203,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.95657877330775,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 290410,
    "num_markets": 96,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LBN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 867000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "S19",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.33333333333334,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2450.1462377027383,
    "price_spread_pct": 35376.527871224454,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 288.5012567975831,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 121169358
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 18610585.388704166,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.755217683021405
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 18820981.631744962,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.1305192106880095
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 28871348.428348176,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.399801313505705
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 27987918.7253884,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.059883763836796
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 32809048.791609347,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.225754131719707
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 15047201.19213088,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.13703918176659
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 16039331.42887319,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.593453653435278
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 20054831.330771804,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.0353321751935
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 65414088.89247029,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 226.176210677474
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 22997697.201923117,
      "active_destinations": 74,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.84289915017017
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 19529607.120852053,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.080162377218597
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 30901695.270611,
      "active_destinations": 76,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.22998936633393
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 28375146.93696416,
      "active_destinations": 76,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.176083258609138
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 25086030.335303977,
      "active_destinations": 72,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.59154033269681
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 17672863.14499875,
      "active_destinations": 80,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.550977540964524
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}