{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290270",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/290270",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290270",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "290270",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 25,
    "current_lane_count": 8,
    "active_market_count": 8,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 26030314.59286824,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3338309.055109947,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 32448772.192500774,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 28489721.5737553,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40829564.550522216,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -41.413883318676135,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -41.857082003628165,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -27.375294594347068,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 80936534.86220446,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 279742271.25681293,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -14.038588724329067,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 15278582.054206122,
    "top_market_share_pct": 58.69534153994487,
    "destination_hhi": 3787.405537221406,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 37.398779449220285,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.1967252185940085,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7877458749138126,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 75.46832699494375,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 44,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 84,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 290270,
      "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: cumene",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2902,
      "substitution_elasticity": -116.86381,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: cumene",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2902,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 290270,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 14,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1205409.896562591,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8917754.61013722,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1361779.5460776594,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5067569.564293504,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6823848.443337465,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -50.34941069841281,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -38.3817934105948,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -25.931273039326854,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28128678.967720173,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15081095.252217673,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 30.76923076923077,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.418137659085957,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.0454,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 66.2345,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.992853810702745,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.09013176379530652,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 82.67593937830145,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 6,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6961.07,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0119290470783735,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.02402423013675,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 290270,
        "corridor_rank": 30,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 7,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 137707.42426726382,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6325916.276661393,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13363199.994000377,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13363199.994000377,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8581904.368772589,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -61.17193136982952,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -43.31247797378984,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -14.804286020494361,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27115025.856046904,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 33669935.34258349,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -46.36764534933516,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.6619,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 962.336,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4089922444641604,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -34.032963759132116,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.09038020887751,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SGP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3174.2,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4956272369142498,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.49213611302328,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 290270,
      "num_markets": 14,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3320.621468926554,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 285.71428571428567,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1092.0771646758371,
      "price_spread_pct": 277.90226564375826,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6934.889479166667,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 320215021
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 167859606.0582286,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 648.4113583548202
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 162023187.84492654,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.476964083471927
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 47846949.8332171,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -70.46907268667512
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 70044128.33093628,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.39204499992828
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 81786703.36722383,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.7645387502113
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 73393071.26385975,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.262832169278807
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 36240105.25932124,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.621898450015394
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 40497461.56063015,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.747637792011881
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 65477233.49913377,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 61.68231532513598
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 50239166.05350073,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.272314102633302
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 28500979.58998164,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -43.26940148721744
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 16601311.701292533,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.75178558729943
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 58245793.71919809,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 250.85055185526838
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 35762213.80319429,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.601207881888826
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3338309.055109947,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -90.66526173832177
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "290270",
    "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: cumene",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2902
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 290270,
      "corridor_rank": 19,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 14,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1205409.896562591,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8917754.61013722,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1361779.5460776594,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5067569.564293504,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6823848.443337465,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -50.34941069841281,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -38.3817934105948,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -25.931273039326854,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28128678.967720173,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15081095.252217673,
      "historical_peak_year": 2013,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 30.76923076923077,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.418137659085957,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.0454,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 66.2345,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.992853810702745,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.09013176379530652,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 82.67593937830145,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 6,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6961.07,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0119290470783735,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.02402423013675,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 290270,
      "corridor_rank": 30,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "IND",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 7,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 137707.42426726382,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6325916.276661393,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13363199.994000377,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13363199.994000377,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8581904.368772589,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -61.17193136982952,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -43.31247797378984,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -14.804286020494361,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 27115025.856046904,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 33669935.34258349,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -46.36764534933516,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.6619,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 962.336,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4089922444641604,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -34.032963759132116,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.09038020887751,
      "peer_top_exporter": "SGP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3174.2,
      "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.4956272369142498,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.49213611302328,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 290270,
    "num_markets": 14,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 3320.621468926554,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 285.71428571428567,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1092.0771646758371,
    "price_spread_pct": 277.90226564375826,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6934.889479166667,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 320215021
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 167859606.0582286,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 648.4113583548202
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 162023187.84492654,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.476964083471927
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 47846949.8332171,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -70.46907268667512
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 70044128.33093628,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.39204499992828
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 81786703.36722383,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.7645387502113
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 73393071.26385975,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.262832169278807
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 36240105.25932124,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.621898450015394
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 40497461.56063015,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.747637792011881
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 65477233.49913377,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.68231532513598
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 50239166.05350073,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.272314102633302
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 28500979.58998164,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -43.26940148721744
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 16601311.701292533,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.75178558729943
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 58245793.71919809,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 250.85055185526838
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 35762213.80319429,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.601207881888826
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3338309.055109947,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -90.66526173832177
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}