{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290230",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/290230",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/290230",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "290230",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 132,
    "current_lane_count": 44,
    "active_market_count": 44,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 67789874.65129513,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 58348601.14721696,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 98729839.48331545,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 81530287.36168467,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 71910094.82913414,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.1406481185730852,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.6232395007481406,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.847161334126204,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 73030501.88954927,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 255574881.2473481,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.987809452699289,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 28564384.634359516,
    "top_market_share_pct": 42.13665356558348,
    "destination_hhi": 2130.2842328020815,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 48.979128718191205,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 6.132520167297448,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7249073823249356,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 66.95281746415539,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 29.545454545454547,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 290230,
      "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: toluene",
      "hs_chapter": 29,
      "hs_heading": 2902,
      "substitution_elasticity": -62.54039,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: toluene",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2902,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 290230,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "TUR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28564384.634359516,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16632879.114018459,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30788457.22453323,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 26938565.56271113,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22093542.315287933,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.6324055244547822,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.740203755154297,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.226146462439994,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38701669.31781619,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 55190478.62010152,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5937409379852117,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -40.2059,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7241,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 51.75600094172,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 14.705156336992388,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.75600094171999,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3548.11,
        "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5913967941138998,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 63.055296592880396,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 290230,
        "corridor_rank": 79,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6263620.814620853,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2366007.874491235,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5310439.784488355,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4513066.877983281,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3502381.9960370655,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.47133356773725,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.003126484730096,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.03856331351010933,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8331696.626927512,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 20151183.244523127,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 43.50989688124736,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.9566,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 465.176,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 54.1667,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 31.083141563526983,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.8384738189048413,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.96626660274099,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2507.01,
        "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9866111349152153,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.44652956115561,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 290230,
      "num_markets": 96,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 96166.66666666667,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 111.60125956507673,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2374.6719160104985,
      "price_spread_pct": 4044.9825830456707,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1655.874629251701,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 421619117
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 91821546.29745927,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 41.43816503615045
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 119586970.05570807,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.238462406526768
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 114302488.11212091,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.4189445899711695
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 107103678.07222418,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.298034416219631
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 95898752.74268125,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.461755871714336
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 81057413.15140493,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.476050695986732
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 68267257.86324324,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.779130854165446
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 49679347.9889243,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.22814780631041
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 52244136.76487003,
        "active_destinations": 68,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.1626860652791455
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 60201355.71447565,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.230836304976911
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 56705551.96233003,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.806852205663931
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 54756366.396146916,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4373804658104254
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 133626293.52160007,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 144.03791251386443
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 104214623.78112933,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.010391043074527
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 58348601.14721697,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.01111952410805
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "290230",
    "hs_description": "Cyclic hydrocarbons: toluene",
    "hs_chapter": 29,
    "hs_heading": 2902
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 290230,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "TUR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28564384.634359516,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16632879.114018459,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 30788457.22453323,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 26938565.56271113,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 22093542.315287933,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.6324055244547822,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.740203755154297,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.226146462439994,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 38701669.31781619,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 55190478.62010152,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.5937409379852117,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -40.2059,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.7241,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 51.75600094172,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 14.705156336992388,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.75600094171999,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 15,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3548.11,
      "distance_km": 2740.029052734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.07943356052620201,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.07065853177226666,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5913967941138998,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 63.055296592880396,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 290230,
      "corridor_rank": 79,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 21,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6263620.814620853,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2366007.874491235,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5310439.784488355,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4513066.877983281,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3502381.9960370655,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 43.47133356773725,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.003126484730096,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.03856331351010933,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8331696.626927512,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 20151183.244523127,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 43.50989688124736,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -17.9566,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 465.176,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 54.1667,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 31.083141563526983,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.8384738189048413,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 33.96626660274099,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 16,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2507.01,
      "distance_km": 8582.7822265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0982419857610707,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.029297414191717164,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9866111349152153,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.44652956115561,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 290230,
    "num_markets": 96,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "UZB",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 96166.66666666667,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 111.60125956507673,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2374.6719160104985,
    "price_spread_pct": 4044.9825830456707,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1655.874629251701,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 421619117
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 91821546.29745927,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 41.43816503615045
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 119586970.05570807,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.238462406526768
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 114302488.11212091,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.4189445899711695
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 107103678.07222418,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.298034416219631
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 95898752.74268125,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.461755871714336
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 81057413.15140493,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.476050695986732
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 68267257.86324324,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.779130854165446
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 49679347.9889243,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.22814780631041
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 52244136.76487003,
      "active_destinations": 68,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.1626860652791455
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 60201355.71447565,
      "active_destinations": 69,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.230836304976911
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 56705551.96233003,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.806852205663931
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 54756366.396146916,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.4373804658104254
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 133626293.52160007,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.03791251386443
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 104214623.78112933,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.010391043074527
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 58348601.14721697,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.01111952410805
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}