{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/284190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/284190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/284190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "284190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 126,
    "current_lane_count": 44,
    "active_market_count": 44,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4255688.85266067,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3818634.47443908,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3306298.513285832,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3596568.818331583,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3756660.793030805,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.2598456209496325,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.5618838332717924,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.188332829016051,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5310264.231929875,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 22143536.241208937,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.448178449965685,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1448598.3603893798,
    "top_market_share_pct": 34.0391041390094,
    "destination_hhi": 1605.1212110252052,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.358201708039411,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.6641636661306278,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9938604095300241,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 88.85958294107398,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 38.095238095238095,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 284190,
      "hs_description": "Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids: n.e.c. in heading no. 2841",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2841,
      "substitution_elasticity": -22.197159,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids: n.e.c. in heading no. 2841",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2841,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 284190,
        "corridor_rank": 95,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1448598.3603893798,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1540280.254039597,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 994837.0878499234,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1508511.4626121614,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1583976.062005941,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.822138266220242,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7648925567489213,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.879911471013279,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3951617.2706991225,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35430852.47261019,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.702049737233521,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 68.236,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.3424,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.088522457960102,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8641114184283007,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 37.09585514175144,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2428.14,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8122361726017491,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.81545139039412,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 284190,
      "num_markets": 72,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "RUS",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1315800,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 72.356152974111,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7354.948805460751,
      "price_spread_pct": 17889.01158455585,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 333.21418932038836,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 19016136
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6914645.1177579835,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.512823415970662
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5324661.868682936,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.9944302563222
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 5656575.413189062,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.233514027590741
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 5683566.577795852,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.47716440841319907
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 6505643.428892936,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.464101719309742
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 4792683.973491948,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.33036184850484
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3950206.6550931297,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.578403313435867
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3303893.3541623307,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.361506051777983
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3609231.5630019265,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.241769515802401
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3927748.292900803,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.825056645408331
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4789637.734708379,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.943601716163826
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3274310.8170920424,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.637610223325137
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2706547.173929327,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.339943422565895
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3393713.891489087,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 25.389053779622138
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3818634.474439079,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.52081337839431
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "284190",
    "hs_description": "Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids: n.e.c. in heading no. 2841",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2841
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 284190,
      "corridor_rank": 95,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1448598.3603893798,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1540280.254039597,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 994837.0878499234,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1508511.4626121614,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1583976.062005941,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.822138266220242,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.7648925567489213,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.879911471013279,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3951617.2706991225,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35430852.47261019,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.702049737233521,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 68.236,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.3424,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.088522457960102,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8641114184283007,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 37.09585514175144,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 24,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2428.14,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8122361726017491,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 82.81545139039412,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 284190,
    "num_markets": 72,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "RUS",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1315800,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 72.356152974111,
    "median_price_across_markets": 7354.948805460751,
    "price_spread_pct": 17889.01158455585,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 333.21418932038836,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 19016136
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6914645.1177579835,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.512823415970662
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 5324661.868682936,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.9944302563222
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 5656575.413189062,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.233514027590741
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 5683566.577795852,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.47716440841319907
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 6505643.428892936,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.464101719309742
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 4792683.973491948,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.33036184850484
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3950206.6550931297,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.578403313435867
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3303893.3541623307,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.361506051777983
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3609231.5630019265,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.241769515802401
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3927748.292900803,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.825056645408331
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4789637.734708379,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.943601716163826
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3274310.8170920424,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.637610223325137
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2706547.173929327,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.339943422565895
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3393713.891489087,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 25.389053779622138
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3818634.474439079,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.52081337839431
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}