{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/284019",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/284019",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/284019",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "284019",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 131,
    "current_lane_count": 63,
    "active_market_count": 63,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3277175.319728029,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 2398681.9228061736,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2148011.1930944123,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3634182.5990844243,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5901800.707386934,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.259283267747097,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -18.450960379238545,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -12.617247591661274,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 7698254.138356537,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 29250949.392696686,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.642035676085824,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 587953.3118714393,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.940856210287624,
    "destination_hhi": 930.5625861481068,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 28.203615810257688,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.625628679597604,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8492239157753645,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 81.93951364624165,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 34.35114503816794,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 284019,
      "hs_description": "Borates: disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2840,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.951001,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Borates: disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2840,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 284019,
        "corridor_rank": 56,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 497491.44012094167,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 97770.35458896181,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 268114.1352837345,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 202276.3786453579,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 136623.84839548529,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.02944195551678,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 35.14193674472956,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.010698323206302,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 497491.44012094167,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35758667.29202366,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 34.018743632310475,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 8.6848,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.557,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.391247151517619,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8253197531562503,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 75.28839392724288,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5925.31,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.3152050586123043,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.60241479948034,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 284019,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 264923.74657683185,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 147217.61913392387,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 192931.08762858566,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 186831.46308514843,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 245731.92535988922,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 49.71476276016325,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.843000811100427,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.473046606777542,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 466277.12970725313,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25072349.418596353,
        "historical_peak_year": 2016,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.54545454545455,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 45.2417161533857,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.197,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.4162,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.05663710310425,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.009004416437583762,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.500473210471114,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3767.78,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9395003826002861,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.64062581304177,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 284019,
      "num_markets": 95,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 281837.037037037,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 151.43043518777375,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2786.8852459016393,
      "price_spread_pct": 10107.542354536945,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 109.79560915492964,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 31929162
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 7717100.232232453,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 52.830084690048
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 7165923.428133968,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.142278673488694
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 6541342.9127299115,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.715980873475502
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 7278845.695749851,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.274485879416401
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 9240925.327642864,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.955917379024523
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 9028079.542825285,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3032951492517912
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 8699396.031727592,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6406802746759386
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 7763376.8329918925,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.759588313050019
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 8705372.453848075,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.133838677687262
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6650869.217054387,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.600405929622543
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 6996104.80441429,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.190834101422991
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 4730774.611724595,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.379877889484355
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1872622.9950650511,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -60.41614431547839
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2172728.661412013,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.02595221450525
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 2398681.922806172,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.399515844160513
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "284019",
    "hs_description": "Borates: disodium tetraborate (refined borax), other than anhydrous",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2840
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 284019,
      "corridor_rank": 56,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 23,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 497491.44012094167,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 97770.35458896181,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 268114.1352837345,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 202276.3786453579,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 136623.84839548529,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 58.02944195551678,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 35.14193674472956,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 24.010698323206302,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 497491.44012094167,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35758667.29202366,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 34.018743632310475,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 8.6848,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 19.557,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.391247151517619,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.8253197531562503,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 75.28839392724288,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5925.31,
      "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.3152050586123043,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.60241479948034,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 284019,
      "corridor_rank": 68,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 23,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 264923.74657683185,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 147217.61913392387,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 192931.08762858566,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 186831.46308514843,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 245731.92535988922,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 49.71476276016325,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.843000811100427,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 4.473046606777542,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 466277.12970725313,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25072349.418596353,
      "historical_peak_year": 2016,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.54545454545455,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 45.2417161533857,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.197,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.4162,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.05663710310425,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.009004416437583762,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 56.500473210471114,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 25,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3767.78,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9395003826002861,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.64062581304177,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 284019,
    "num_markets": 95,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 281837.037037037,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 151.43043518777375,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2786.8852459016393,
    "price_spread_pct": 10107.542354536945,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 109.79560915492964,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 31929162
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 7717100.232232453,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 52.830084690048
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 7165923.428133968,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.142278673488694
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 6541342.9127299115,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.715980873475502
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 7278845.695749851,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 11.274485879416401
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 9240925.327642864,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.955917379024523
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 9028079.542825285,
      "active_destinations": 64,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3032951492517912
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 8699396.031727592,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.6406802746759386
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 7763376.8329918925,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.759588313050019
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 8705372.453848075,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.133838677687262
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6650869.217054387,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.600405929622543
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 6996104.80441429,
      "active_destinations": 67,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.190834101422991
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 4730774.611724595,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.379877889484355
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1872622.9950650511,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.41614431547839
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2172728.661412013,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.02595221450525
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 2398681.922806172,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.399515844160513
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}