{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283340",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283340",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283340",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283340",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 127,
    "current_lane_count": 71,
    "active_market_count": 71,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1163340.8687277224,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1097266.6341698652,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1338441.762096388,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1456335.2967156882,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1374932.2725607394,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.774844886069046,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.2576371735941425,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.8070015350931001,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1150829.8298281252,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4564014.546241409,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.581846421162146,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 175584.9370952618,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.093163303657398,
    "destination_hhi": 778.9776690533004,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 12.071541496808907,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.848859568360868,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.167289488706561,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.10101924014927,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.37007874015748,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283340,
      "hs_description": "Peroxosulphates (persulphates)",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2833,
      "substitution_elasticity": -17.751366,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Peroxosulphates (persulphates)",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 283340,
        "corridor_rank": 24,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 161847.60182837816,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 119664.03169895451,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 144670.05867108432,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 236725.6448845637,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 226627.29427038092,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.077398590802031,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.839749061801175,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.222541252794552,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 547901.192682449,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14300665.114265142,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.299939843596583,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.776,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.8524,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1317487720688781,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.337877380356968,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.44971321556605,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2771.73,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9780978814136643,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.94684725388358,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283340,
        "corridor_rank": 57,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 19,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11899.828462477151,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 44529.26421932369,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 59015.50410738177,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 62829.422786821015,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 63979.69917714187,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.432355399732685,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.134295989845775,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.6884632127732493,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 153724.00829767177,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10277889.259905929,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.111111111111114,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.743892186959435,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 35.2334,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.8165,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.11578085890551881,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9068739142407094,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 68.76366343954896,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4954.26,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1929654718147056,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.85884330455481,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 283340,
      "num_markets": 85,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PER",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 206437.5,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.81235374958212,
      "median_price_across_markets": 7884.976525821597,
      "price_spread_pct": 2615.273323527915,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.722427046263343,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 7654283
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 843158.2088312178,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.947296682415876
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1335655.7081453104,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.41104245391745
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1151367.5746860986,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.79757764934154
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1150667.3654935404,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.060815434441003104
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 917351.3561043125,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.27658178079595
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1219674.9514056323,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.95613979197547
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1624999.3220929224,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 33.232163226781694
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1303589.0919980118,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.77909933408153
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 955454.8072418654,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.705829842635513
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1363928.0692905206,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.751709338069574
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1721629.5295205594,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.225830253358275
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1544721.6677687173,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.275605681618828
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1407301.5473509508,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.896108812681048
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1510757.1047683475,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.351342547170319
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1097266.6341698654,
        "active_destinations": 71,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.369751847824986
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283340",
    "hs_description": "Peroxosulphates (persulphates)",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 283340,
      "corridor_rank": 24,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 161847.60182837816,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 119664.03169895451,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 144670.05867108432,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 236725.6448845637,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 226627.29427038092,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -7.077398590802031,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.839749061801175,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.222541252794552,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 547901.192682449,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14300665.114265142,
      "historical_peak_year": 2020,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 59.25925925925926,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.299939843596583,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.776,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.8524,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1317487720688781,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.337877380356968,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 42.44971321556605,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 21,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2771.73,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9780978814136643,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 81.94684725388358,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 283340,
      "corridor_rank": 57,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 19,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11899.828462477151,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 44529.26421932369,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 59015.50410738177,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 62829.422786821015,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 63979.69917714187,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.432355399732685,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.134295989845775,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.6884632127732493,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 153724.00829767177,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10277889.259905929,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 61.111111111111114,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 10.743892186959435,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 35.2334,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.8165,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.11578085890551881,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9068739142407094,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 68.76366343954896,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 24,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4954.26,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1929654718147056,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.85884330455481,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 283340,
    "num_markets": 85,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PER",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 206437.5,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 223.81235374958212,
    "median_price_across_markets": 7884.976525821597,
    "price_spread_pct": 2615.273323527915,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 8.722427046263343,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 7654283
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 843158.2088312178,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.947296682415876
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1335655.7081453104,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 58.41104245391745
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1151367.5746860986,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.79757764934154
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1150667.3654935404,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.060815434441003104
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 917351.3561043125,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.27658178079595
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1219674.9514056323,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.95613979197547
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1624999.3220929224,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 33.232163226781694
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1303589.0919980118,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.77909933408153
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 955454.8072418654,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.705829842635513
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1363928.0692905206,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.751709338069574
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1721629.5295205594,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.225830253358275
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1544721.6677687173,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.275605681618828
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1407301.5473509508,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.896108812681048
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1510757.1047683475,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.351342547170319
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1097266.6341698654,
      "active_destinations": 71,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.369751847824986
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}