{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283329",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283329",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283329",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283329",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 152,
    "current_lane_count": 96,
    "active_market_count": 96,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 22021940.76857546,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 21575804.847003773,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 27067824.911221027,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 23358276.96164652,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18098094.211979993,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.0392664818918327,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.694217601703238,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.779011990520444,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 12965702.075951554,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 53474839.317152575,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.7397455086286113,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "CUB",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4566678.147580408,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.736946827578876,
    "destination_hhi": 938.4147572079821,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.62582884077715,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.13303577958173354,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9886134150380629,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 85.62721347124145,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.026315789473685,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283329,
      "hs_description": "Sulphates: n.e.s. in item no. 2833.2",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2833,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.6765556,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: n.e.s. in item no. 2833.2",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 283329,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2783572.003135792,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1540137.5318972867,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3049382.245375562,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2877669.086302004,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2338579.162290578,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4833860856579126,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.370036396740076,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.813401197378543,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3928006.3616288765,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34593651.494989194,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.296787283036455,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.2703,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.8291,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 8.046482180520858,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.2342595835424746,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 21.634576466802642,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1333.61,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7050460395133303,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.72055054077549,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283329,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2343442.473793299,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1298677.077900331,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2564843.6668176674,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2021332.615319863,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1504025.019697091,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.13049033445826,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.3189515880932,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.250363865160981,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8994828.550458197,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30462906.326170474,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.880126469297277,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.403,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3885,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.692773790858108,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4043590895011562,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.775431546799222,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 36,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1353.77,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.190995607432454,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.15204914369966,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 283329,
      "num_markets": 113,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 779500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "EGY",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 22.296111835343968,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1497.6992781125182,
      "price_spread_pct": 52045.007651369415,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1293.2451540229886,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 107913915
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 11573875.839038244,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.027402482957744
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 12050143.601561429,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.115023948302196
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 10942052.539903004,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.195666859230139
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 12571159.309152775,
        "active_destinations": 94,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.888493391059992
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 12301892.927961595,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1419375458485557
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 11172167.753184538,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.1833442332216
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10913172.785208479,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.318215888785194
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 14513989.98014551,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.99514509490325
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 15179033.09186252,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.5820833046375204
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 12411193.701166272,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.234622547730574
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15280009.834807612,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.114747885787644
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 20307900.23976191,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.905020738277585
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 31427796.412015554,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 54.75650382840374
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 28199873.474643763,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.270917168528184
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 21575804.847003765,
        "active_destinations": 96,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.48971045418379
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283329",
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: n.e.s. in item no. 2833.2",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 283329,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2783572.003135792,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1540137.5318972867,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3049382.245375562,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2877669.086302004,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2338579.162290578,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4833860856579126,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.370036396740076,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.813401197378543,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3928006.3616288765,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 34593651.494989194,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.296787283036455,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.2703,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 15.8291,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 8.046482180520858,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.2342595835424746,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 21.634576466802642,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 30,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1333.61,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7050460395133303,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.72055054077549,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 283329,
      "corridor_rank": 97,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2343442.473793299,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1298677.077900331,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2564843.6668176674,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2021332.615319863,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1504025.019697091,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.13049033445826,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.3189515880932,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.250363865160981,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8994828.550458197,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30462906.326170474,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.880126469297277,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.403,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3885,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.692773790858108,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4043590895011562,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.775431546799222,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 36,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1353.77,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.190995607432454,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 93.15204914369966,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 283329,
    "num_markets": 113,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 779500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "EGY",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 22.296111835343968,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1497.6992781125182,
    "price_spread_pct": 52045.007651369415,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1293.2451540229886,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 107913915
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 11573875.839038244,
      "active_destinations": 85,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.027402482957744
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 12050143.601561429,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.115023948302196
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 10942052.539903004,
      "active_destinations": 91,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.195666859230139
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 12571159.309152775,
      "active_destinations": 94,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.888493391059992
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 12301892.927961595,
      "active_destinations": 90,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.1419375458485557
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 11172167.753184538,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.1833442332216
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 10913172.785208479,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.318215888785194
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 14513989.98014551,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.99514509490325
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 15179033.09186252,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.5820833046375204
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 12411193.701166272,
      "active_destinations": 87,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.234622547730574
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 15280009.834807612,
      "active_destinations": 86,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.114747885787644
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 20307900.23976191,
      "active_destinations": 93,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.905020738277585
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 31427796.412015554,
      "active_destinations": 92,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.75650382840374
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 28199873.474643763,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.270917168528184
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 21575804.847003765,
      "active_destinations": 96,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.48971045418379
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}