{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283325",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283325",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283325",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283325",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 143,
    "current_lane_count": 92,
    "active_market_count": 92,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 11504339.44740937,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 11223945.822655955,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10244569.008914316,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9881992.992734078,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9248079.084442932,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.6572071415708525,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.188144106596779,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.689734864008697,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 7320953.513963801,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 26410196.81032471,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.9674722775621554,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1560137.4575540952,
    "top_market_share_pct": 13.561295411058286,
    "destination_hhi": 693.1190018483056,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 14.464708576334488,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.525881745646732,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1197402167548225,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.29619532020166,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 29.37062937062937,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2833,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.739783,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 67,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1315757.2193477422,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 172230.43042063122,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 656201.7882453921,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 395106.15034273994,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 232212.12978321052,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 792.9707770316671,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 55.58771921797068,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.769869150617192,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1315757.2193477422,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10544813.334677424,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.63157894736842,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 785.20090788105,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.8549,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3815,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.477766818505682,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.1312464628551995,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.739406804087057,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1649.64,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.8056230128168678,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7032014220418,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 79,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1030866.5655172722,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1066437.1999501726,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 746811.1681078393,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 822681.5392721284,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 749888.4479679774,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.055771885417226,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.501002872497773,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.896630269934543,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3957964.713585464,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14353747.005842613,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.95240215535177,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.0624,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.251,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.181863837349672,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.966629838094831,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.460500672223418,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1630.26,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.790214595751067,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 92.63389167646842,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 935431.670021143,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 286478.66879128444,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 521050.7055139839,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 662247.6283980431,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 537728.1377530466,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.391222716686315,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.027558332187999,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.162509179388987,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1123152.2996533706,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 19853240.20336498,
        "historical_peak_year": 2020,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 6.2287135372973275,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.6878,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.2443,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.711732998941876,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.23377875609204,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.086675200090443,
        "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1850,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9393188036192547,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.57196613250608,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 283325,
        "corridor_rank": 87,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 23,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 874783.0112948111,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 440658.6102358562,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 936912.2117578868,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 966691.9586283027,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 791297.0700553246,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.495174252175076,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.730181272936318,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.356649816046575,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1245280.2922590387,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 51876133.624036,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.851824068221651,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.6237,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.5678,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 56,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.6862918459472354,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5096586122111493,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 79.12559159828845,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZAF",
        "supplier_count_latest": 25,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6342.86,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8759924805216441,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.96189439427276,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "num_markets": 105,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 259538.46153846153,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CYP",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 58.96134322530262,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5239.876590821443,
      "price_spread_pct": 4952.015485436428,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 47.122942934782635,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 45890091
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4173848.934984637,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.772548219511567
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4179910.9112161975,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.14523707795818655
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 8269260.136203449,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 97.83340630571966
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 5440679.33413173,
        "active_destinations": 82,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.20597194285832
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 8607464.421118297,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 58.20569257077801
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 8343992.746607913,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.0609673374189015
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 8553900.248011932,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.515672146159917
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 6108096.081950182,
        "active_destinations": 80,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.592853495458932
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 9992203.982810723,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.5895023383527
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 10072632.821378175,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.8049158994933624
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 9160394.921181021,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.056598372781131
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 9515863.01574643,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.880488752111343
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8920027.512627177,
        "active_destinations": 79,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.26149727180068
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 10589733.691459818,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.71862139964263
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 11223945.822655957,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.988933713296352
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283325",
    "hs_description": "Sulphates: of copper",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2833
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "corridor_rank": 67,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 20,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1315757.2193477422,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 172230.43042063122,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 656201.7882453921,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 395106.15034273994,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 232212.12978321052,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 792.9707770316671,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 55.58771921797068,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.769869150617192,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1315757.2193477422,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10544813.334677424,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.63157894736842,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 785.20090788105,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.8549,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.3815,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 12.477766818505682,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.1312464628551995,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.739406804087057,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1649.64,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.8056230128168678,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7032014220418,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "corridor_rank": 79,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1030866.5655172722,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1066437.1999501726,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 746811.1681078393,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 822681.5392721284,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 749888.4479679774,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.055771885417226,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.501002872497773,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.896630269934543,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3957964.713585464,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14353747.005842613,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 21.95240215535177,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.0624,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.251,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.181863837349672,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.966629838094831,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 30.460500672223418,
      "peer_top_exporter": "POL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 28,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1630.26,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.790214595751067,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 92.63389167646842,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 283325,
      "corridor_rank": 82,
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}