{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283010",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/283010",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/283010",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "283010",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 117,
    "current_lane_count": 30,
    "active_market_count": 30,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2240854.4714090037,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1059086.217650147,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1078129.6356391043,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1156455.6836913375,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1682038.7417722642,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.045501954302765,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.439585177845734,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -6.65799186687398,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 6078228.977039673,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 26103156.09732222,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.387510087428785,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 281909.37650847225,
    "top_market_share_pct": 12.580441081977686,
    "destination_hhi": 610.7305855835931,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 26.141395574512906,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.531258919952911,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0529567606976937,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 72.48037244346892,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 41.02564102564103,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 95,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 283010,
      "hs_description": "Sulphides: of sodium",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2830,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Sulphides: of sodium",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2830,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 283010,
      "num_markets": 52,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 173000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 47.3603419886569,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1250,
      "price_spread_pct": 13836.211172640908,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 53.19594074074074,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 9764007
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 6012659.774807632,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.43704894083664
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 5082541.993558489,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.469323329190054
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2955483.610506924,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.85028644617901
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2195163.8776992992,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.725729965297113
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2109404.7374681807,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9067306592617914
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1210231.6565360902,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.62686363411346
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 666667.1510026152,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.91408753008977
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 5544011.787039668,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 731.6011638944425
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1779175.8595893213,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -67.90815157087992
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1838022.54509826,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3075249527341297
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 820571.9765543744,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -55.35571754858388
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1727317.5349849993,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 110.50164815987233
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1053168.9339909873,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.02864339299761
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1122133.755276179,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.548315190408177
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1059086.217650147,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.618540332610776
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "283010",
    "hs_description": "Sulphides: of sodium",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2830
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 283010,
    "num_markets": 52,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SGP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 173000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "DEU",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 47.3603419886569,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1250,
    "price_spread_pct": 13836.211172640908,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 53.19594074074074,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 9764007
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 6012659.774807632,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.43704894083664
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 5082541.993558489,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.469323329190054
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2955483.610506924,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.85028644617901
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2195163.8776992992,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.725729965297113
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2109404.7374681807,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.9067306592617914
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1210231.6565360902,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.62686363411346
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 666667.1510026152,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.91408753008977
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 5544011.787039668,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 731.6011638944425
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1779175.8595893213,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -67.90815157087992
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1838022.54509826,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.3075249527341297
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 820571.9765543744,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -55.35571754858388
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1727317.5349849993,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.50164815987233
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1053168.9339909873,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.02864339299761
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1122133.755276179,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.548315190408177
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1059086.217650147,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.618540332610776
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}