{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282751",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282751",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282751",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282751",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 127,
    "current_lane_count": 61,
    "active_market_count": 61,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1193760.9795889123,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1134593.8885784221,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1162046.057439559,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1074903.3328582237,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 724057.8654344412,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.09901180898601591,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.013384942857533,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 17.401311958354015,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 588183.212163275,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2452917.288052394,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.302300149367998,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 351284.39444090665,
    "top_market_share_pct": 29.426694325515328,
    "destination_hhi": 1741.3766115589624,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.621515071940827,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.462675304345258,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1288702878073695,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 96.0532356472556,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 39.37007874015748,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282751,
      "hs_description": "Bromides: of sodium or of potassium",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2827,
      "substitution_elasticity": -31.747948,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Bromides: of sodium or of potassium",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2827,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282751,
        "corridor_rank": 51,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 150639.07851047927,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 40706.692559505354,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 128176.09869681264,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 110155.1875026939,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 75580.21697480537,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 72.41371637661894,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.735906872001276,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.45433549190495,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 150639.07851047927,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10437348.820463574,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 73.6842105263158,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.95938088471399,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.0877,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.8088,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.4432695610894477,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4587309463113498,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 53.03011642920524,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3599.63,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2592559571083624,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.1068676326856,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 282751,
      "num_markets": 76,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 487000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 111.11111111111111,
      "median_price_across_markets": 27000,
      "price_spread_pct": 1803.2921810699588,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.14815151515151,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3966683
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 498889.49495254573,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 114.64280875839965
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 700342.2135906022,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.38022862301772
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 525261.4860704095,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.999310925806803
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 316979.7464659781,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.65296240594955
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 228092.46475082147,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.04194359613352
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 242700.84038295565,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.404584933611476
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 250569.03248438728,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2419303077057657
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 369381.64134358586,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.41711602633964
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 439644.9524331743,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.021874187903123
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 563765.523409191,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.232001820806296
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 757148.086507111,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 34.30194913809218
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1131230.40546533,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.40675749230804
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 958119.0389551384,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.302927297024205
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1393425.2447851158,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.433415695892414
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1134593.8885784224,
        "active_destinations": 61,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.57518780970619
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282751",
    "hs_description": "Bromides: of sodium or of potassium",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2827
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282751,
      "corridor_rank": 51,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 20,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 150639.07851047927,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 40706.692559505354,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 128176.09869681264,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 110155.1875026939,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 75580.21697480537,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 72.41371637661894,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.735906872001276,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.45433549190495,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 150639.07851047927,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10437348.820463574,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 73.6842105263158,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.95938088471399,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 20.0877,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.8088,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.4432695610894477,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.4587309463113498,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 53.03011642920524,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 29,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3599.63,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2592559571083624,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 96.1068676326856,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 282751,
    "num_markets": 76,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 487000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARE",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 111.11111111111111,
    "median_price_across_markets": 27000,
    "price_spread_pct": 1803.2921810699588,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 16.14815151515151,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3966683
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 498889.49495254573,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 114.64280875839965
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 700342.2135906022,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.38022862301772
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 525261.4860704095,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.999310925806803
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 316979.7464659781,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.65296240594955
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 228092.46475082147,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.04194359613352
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 242700.84038295565,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.404584933611476
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 250569.03248438728,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2419303077057657
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 369381.64134358586,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 47.41711602633964
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 439644.9524331743,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.021874187903123
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 563765.523409191,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 28.232001820806296
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 757148.086507111,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 34.30194913809218
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1131230.40546533,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.40675749230804
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 958119.0389551384,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.302927297024205
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1393425.2447851158,
      "active_destinations": 52,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.433415695892414
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1134593.8885784224,
      "active_destinations": 61,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.57518780970619
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}