{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282560",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282560",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282560",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282560",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 57,
    "current_lane_count": 10,
    "active_market_count": 10,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1266452.40014502,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 648829.4800538365,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 548960.6212156042,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 425403.7933282534,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 277666.91559802654,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 22.664815591754838,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 22.835874544407897,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 20.608012583230327,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3267917.5556113184,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 13772281.398364432,
    "historical_peak_year": 1997,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.0568030085245113,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 535198.4666723923,
    "top_market_share_pct": 42.25965907689127,
    "destination_hhi": 2294.8674883035833,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.480011027373859,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 4.054800155684405,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.116168196191536,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 83.35660847923836,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 75,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282560,
      "hs_description": "Germanium oxides and zirconium dioxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2825,
      "substitution_elasticity": -29.050322,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Germanium oxides and zirconium dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282560,
        "corridor_rank": 58,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 535198.4666723923,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 314818.4988671307,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 474403.3798624662,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 315200.82746124396,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 177518.5122827293,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 87.63008198943207,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.436641532737916,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 25.96901520750359,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1800091.137588277,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14057348.890936311,
        "historical_peak_year": 2004,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.96296296296296,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 61.66106678192848,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.0073,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2966,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.807250362957625,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.449279036071743,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 55.182247896060034,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3674.44,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5404754794595905,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.66281039199161,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282560,
        "corridor_rank": 82,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2021,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227607.4940922913,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 136532.31115506034,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.85913757692087,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.475375459965724,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7228467257802027,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 239186.51994057794,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 57096149.0336063,
        "historical_peak_year": 1995,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.136290851140667,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.183,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8946,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.48451881261956564,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.44018333583092406,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 18.783642729624795,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1479.18,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7550227892697142,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.38219843312622,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 282560,
      "num_markets": 23,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7068000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1200.4133180252584,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10821.333333333334,
      "price_spread_pct": 65304.33329240366,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.049777777777778,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1600631
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1954702.5889834515,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 87.76928783879286
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 839035.1073231181,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.076073257801305
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1286555.1831134388,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.337467274534156
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 339231.67884305347,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -73.63255899975317
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 99625.14427603935,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -70.6321223843805
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 54817.196668703844,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.97654475980737
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 54238.21190065555,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.056210100541033
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 87302.51339444486,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.96126759184271
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 221283.46450338903,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 153.46746147341673
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 232008.8028718048,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.8468774621212205
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 128600.5067796445,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.570850248858015
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 351536.59621480975,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 173.35552947482836
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 715199.7858717116,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 103.44959630737335
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 282852.5977212645,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -60.4512468671235
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 648829.4800538366,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 129.3878455707951
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282560",
    "hs_description": "Germanium oxides and zirconium dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282560,
      "corridor_rank": 58,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 535198.4666723923,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 314818.4988671307,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 474403.3798624662,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 315200.82746124396,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 177518.5122827293,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 87.63008198943207,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 39.436641532737916,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 25.96901520750359,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1800091.137588277,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14057348.890936311,
      "historical_peak_year": 2004,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.96296296296296,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 61.66106678192848,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.0073,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2966,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 3.807250362957625,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.449279036071743,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 55.182247896060034,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3674.44,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5404754794595905,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.66281039199161,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282560,
      "corridor_rank": 82,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2021,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 227607.4940922913,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 136532.31115506034,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125064.89989552688,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.85913757692087,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.475375459965724,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.7228467257802027,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 239186.51994057794,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 57096149.0336063,
      "historical_peak_year": 1995,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.136290851140667,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.183,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.8946,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.48451881261956564,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.44018333583092406,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 18.783642729624795,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1479.18,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7550227892697142,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.38219843312622,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 282560,
    "num_markets": 23,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 7068000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZAF",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1200.4133180252584,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10821.333333333334,
    "price_spread_pct": 65304.33329240366,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 5.049777777777778,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 1600631
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1954702.5889834515,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 87.76928783879286
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 839035.1073231181,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.076073257801305
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1286555.1831134388,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.337467274534156
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 339231.67884305347,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -73.63255899975317
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 99625.14427603935,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -70.6321223843805
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 54817.196668703844,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.97654475980737
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 54238.21190065555,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.056210100541033
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 87302.51339444486,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.96126759184271
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 221283.46450338903,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 153.46746147341673
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 232008.8028718048,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.8468774621212205
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 128600.5067796445,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.570850248858015
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 351536.59621480975,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 173.35552947482836
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 715199.7858717116,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 103.44959630737335
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 282852.5977212645,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.4512468671235
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 648829.4800538366,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 129.3878455707951
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}