{ "template": "T3", "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile", "source": "api", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com" }, "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282540", "links": { "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282540", "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282540", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology" }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.", "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.", "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed." }, "exporter": { "hs_code": "282540", "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "first_data_year": 1995, "latest_data_year": 2024, "observed_lane_count": 52, "current_lane_count": 12, "active_market_count": 12, "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1006051.1142926749, "exports_current_2024_usd": 411797.2463342063, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 372258.9745696732, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 316435.76494014886, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 229420.272317419, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 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"hs_chapter": 28, "hs_heading": 2825, "substitution_elasticity": -29.050322, "price_range_label": "Low price range", "trade_type_label": "One-way trade" }, "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides", "hs_chapter": 28, "hs_heading": 2825, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": 282540, "corridor_rank": 70, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "USA", "latest_data_year": 2016, "lane_data_years": 3, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 28677.19300073444, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 37342.17955929757, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 37342.17955929757, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 37342.17955929757, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37342.17955929757, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 50867.06132496775, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38364229.5114566, "historical_peak_year": 2014, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 0, "trend_acceleration_pct": null, "trend_label": "Insufficient history", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.3706, 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"active_destinations": 12, "yoy_growth_pct": 55.551084153662266 } ], "economy": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226, "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493, "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244, "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407, "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159, "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454, "risk_score": 3.285705193107783, "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781, "population": 48848840, "labor_force": 22392.15, "investment_rate_pct": 24.25, "savings_rate_pct": 21.99, "secondary_education_pct": 88.05, "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02, "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25, "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664, "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 108, 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"market_share_latest_pct": 0.35786186872626363, "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.03229421126859222, "peer_best_share_pct": 79.52292104071277, "peer_top_exporter": "CHN", "supplier_count_latest": 22, "buyer_market_hhi": 6403.76, "distance_km": 5770.26416015625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.2594620052363264, "max_drawdown_pct": 43.62325588748246, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']", "signal_flag": "Declining", "confidence_label": "Low", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" } ], "prices": [], "priceSummary": { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": 282540, "num_markets": 21, "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC", "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 87000, "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CAN", "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1720, 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