{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282110",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282110",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282110",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282110",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 145,
    "current_lane_count": 90,
    "active_market_count": 90,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 22585648.122978486,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 22298779.445113007,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 20235830.22932278,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 17567529.532464392,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14432166.337961808,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.21090532320477,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.152882265558752,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.018172607235494,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 11847290.870141452,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 38297339.40396266,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 8.192732715969276,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 4029708.1425697147,
    "top_market_share_pct": 17.841897299683495,
    "destination_hhi": 681.1193920461474,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 11.92598031858264,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.612057884997493,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8083734724855554,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.34588706323149,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 23.448275862068964,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282110,
      "hs_description": "Iron oxides and hydroxides",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2821,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2821,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282110,
        "corridor_rank": 47,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4029708.1425697147,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1065058.016210857,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3769796.152064079,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2866113.219010594,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2041276.007620524,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 30.122970368491806,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.964630424033942,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.335363369930532,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4431725.401903081,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 29302749.926863123,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.787606998561275,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0184,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.2593,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.7519794306933,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7481852436322729,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 24.10439378706454,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 45,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1125.6,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9624740584480717,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.41349587902164,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282110,
        "corridor_rank": 64,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2165828.5855217585,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1102754.103409378,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1924861.3114227776,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1705301.0218222204,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1378553.9837064096,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.19181103237894,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.091803709374124,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.369719021809498,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2165828.5855217585,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 30586969.236325756,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.8220920105694418,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 45.8371,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.0431,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.080886533045493,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7734110267479144,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.63909227468383,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 35,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2092.77,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3563206455182538,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.92501323457135,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282110,
        "corridor_rank": 73,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1845544.7872753048,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1170333.6385250946,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1936955.863069461,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1826766.9062360763,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1510302.8030159166,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.702109422609622,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.794308275832318,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.362307164070442,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2143272.1625937475,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 26150715.59471068,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.064416586680064,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.2577,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.7754,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.057339523238857,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.7895493285734787,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.443526215055286,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 42,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1855.26,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4087548118457007,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.0108541082442,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282110,
        "corridor_rank": 98,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1111789.1876827313,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 501180.11227982945,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 793975.0431121303,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 670038.5867288474,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 539554.471656102,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.657756215102353,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 29.832588654106186,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.744726771896614,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1111789.1876827313,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 26922540.946408827,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 14.913029443205739,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.1971,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": -0.1977,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.129584907664637,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9209271350005523,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.26740901811646,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2569.4,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.38098112472447004,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 70.33892266661451,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282110,
        "corridor_rank": 100,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1108740.272612289,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 422089.6636804234,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 809397.2521214323,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 662127.0844884716,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 521832.62032942974,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 35.31686653431545,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.909554728720536,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.836661809025165,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1108740.272612289,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 196139131.17215624,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.480204725290285,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.6709,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3694,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5652825450925038,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.21153269735820934,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.05777430043597,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 33,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2561.97,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.506040935117114,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.62229483362579,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 282110,
      "num_markets": 112,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SMR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 60833.333333333336,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NGA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 119.00567625758465,
      "median_price_across_markets": 889.8331186649493,
      "price_spread_pct": 6823.113950643664,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 193.10602083333336,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 77188638
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 15247628.669696575,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.81331694792843
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 15544987.791827222,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.950199133073226
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 12631392.62830835,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.74298778832554
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 13393269.801752701,
        "active_destinations": 88,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.031616591007551
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 13665845.995525524,
        "active_destinations": 86,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.0351728727002283
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 11615714.865803752,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.001860334098794
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 10274926.761596138,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.542880655196234
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 11407239.593793944,
        "active_destinations": 93,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 11.020154775506244
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 11682192.473783016,
        "active_destinations": 91,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.4103366789863827
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 11503942.02231924,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.525830462593408
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 11762194.128847672,
        "active_destinations": 87,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.24490097418247
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 15367962.845505957,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.655579028532305
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 17994855.291624755,
        "active_destinations": 92,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.0933029480025
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 20413855.95123059,
        "active_destinations": 85,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.442734717248307
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 22298779.445113007,
        "active_destinations": 90,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.233549498857862
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282110",
    "hs_description": "Iron oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2821
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282110,
      "corridor_rank": 47,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4029708.1425697147,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1065058.016210857,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3769796.152064079,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2866113.219010594,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2041276.007620524,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 30.122970368491806,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.964630424033942,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.335363369930532,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4431725.401903081,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 29302749.926863123,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 15.787606998561275,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0184,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.2593,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 13.7519794306933,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7481852436322729,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 24.10439378706454,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 45,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1125.6,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9624740584480717,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.41349587902164,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282110,
      "corridor_rank": 64,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
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