{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282090",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282090",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282090",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282090",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 89,
    "current_lane_count": 19,
    "active_market_count": 19,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1513594.3707957822,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 845775.7793685768,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 798432.425321742,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 668264.4084240145,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 626402.0401679978,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.280844242197603,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.10584345220664,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.3019320332695363,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1059551.0825566363,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 3453647.750485193,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.978912208928065,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 280735.89952526835,
    "top_market_share_pct": 18.54763105241133,
    "destination_hhi": 703.1985365089387,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.22262618125119,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 10.594995657649859,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9919893368779857,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 78.33717235975257,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 49.438202247191015,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 89.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282090,
      "hs_description": "Manganese oxides: excluding manganese dioxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2820,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.7837915,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Manganese oxides: excluding manganese dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2820,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282090,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 6,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 127416.9827604702,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28365.60080534684,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 81427.67081234578,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 81427.67081234578,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41281.44742514258,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 282.9405575424922,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 123.80965571360227,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 41.78423010980985,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 127416.9827604702,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13902903.117379721,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 80,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 241.15632743268233,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.8983,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 27.7861,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6256327556500728,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3275952780210191,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.023073920542434,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ZAF",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1435.87,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.6209760547621703,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96251682391949,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282090,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2004,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17393.65811572923,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6261.77678759693,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17393.65811572923,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 17393.65811572923,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6261.776787596931,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 126.49196326003747,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 63.317106835119375,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17393.65811572923,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16686863.390066994,
        "historical_peak_year": 2004,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 25,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.2807,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 40.9765,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 7.758979095769128,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.421156883088211,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 61.393115314115136,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NOR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4469.19,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9051344116280577,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 67.35244013733814,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 282090,
      "num_markets": 42,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 119612.42603550295,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 310.8278552148257,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1133.398053418963,
      "price_spread_pct": 10526.010506230157,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 35.73666071428571,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3959741
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 677457.8091518424,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.383542733294945
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 468293.9908873312,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.874811012419833
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1016163.2736920688,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 116.9925930005264
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 854268.4904134101,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.93196560730241
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 820658.0963260166,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.934406391499738
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 683363.5761970176,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.72980754636424
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 415758.20825720613,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.160028023305024
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 616588.443371447,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.30457490089975
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 634179.7076699021,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8529993527396864
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 572808.4240643339,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.677270159125415
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 421731.8458532167,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.374713056620358
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 524292.9203016299,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.31902533727782
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 647255.5285143474,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.453036165732712
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 902265.9680823019,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 39.3987271384584
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 845775.7793685766,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.260924240974192
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282090",
    "hs_description": "Manganese oxides: excluding manganese dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2820
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282090,
      "corridor_rank": 36,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2022,
      "lane_data_years": 6,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 127416.9827604702,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28365.60080534684,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 81427.67081234578,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 81427.67081234578,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41281.44742514258,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 282.9405575424922,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 123.80965571360227,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 41.78423010980985,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 127416.9827604702,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13902903.117379721,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 80,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 241.15632743268233,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.8983,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 27.7861,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6256327556500728,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.3275952780210191,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 26.023073920542434,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ZAF",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1435.87,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.6209760547621703,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.96251682391949,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282090,
      "corridor_rank": 68,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "latest_data_year": 2004,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 17393.65811572923,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6261.77678759693,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17393.65811572923,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 17393.65811572923,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6261.776787596931,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 126.49196326003747,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 63.317106835119375,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 17393.65811572923,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 16686863.390066994,
      "historical_peak_year": 2004,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 25,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.2807,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 40.9765,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 7.758979095769128,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 7.421156883088211,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 61.393115314115136,
      "peer_top_exporter": "NOR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4469.19,
      "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9051344116280577,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 67.35244013733814,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 282090,
    "num_markets": 42,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GRC",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 119612.42603550295,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "PRT",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 310.8278552148257,
    "median_price_across_markets": 1133.398053418963,
    "price_spread_pct": 10526.010506230157,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 35.73666071428571,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3959741
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 677457.8091518424,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.383542733294945
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 468293.9908873312,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.874811012419833
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1016163.2736920688,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 116.9925930005264
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 854268.4904134101,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.93196560730241
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 820658.0963260166,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.934406391499738
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 683363.5761970176,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.72980754636424
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 415758.20825720613,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.160028023305024
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 616588.443371447,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.30457490089975
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 634179.7076699021,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8529993527396864
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 572808.4240643339,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.677270159125415
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 421731.8458532167,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.374713056620358
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 524292.9203016299,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.31902533727782
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 647255.5285143474,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.453036165732712
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 902265.9680823019,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 39.3987271384584
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 845775.7793685766,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.260924240974192
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}