{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282010",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282010",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/282010",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282010",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 97,
    "current_lane_count": 22,
    "active_market_count": 22,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 26527930.45916415,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 25641834.57154203,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23768582.716574,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 22436256.144302648,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20718673.936887167,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.577126962622982,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 4.66444483382189,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.4489175788413373,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 16550304.724688439,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 42637783.32465498,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.128209383781645,
    "trend_label": "Growing",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 9807693.03252217,
    "top_market_share_pct": 36.97119550135911,
    "destination_hhi": 2872.649581122369,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 46.77518209960445,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.764058128515091,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.741250899134902,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.39204376734784,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 50.51546391752577,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 81,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282010,
      "hs_description": "Manganese dioxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2820,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.7837915,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Manganese dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2820,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282010,
        "corridor_rank": 7,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9807693.03252217,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5269111.440083757,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10173334.693394685,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8942701.728495404,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7935465.842153691,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.977030729192627,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.587513285283441,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.6266685331466366,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11546731.440210916,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24019336.822504617,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.35036219604599,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.9273,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.8877,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 40.832488860945475,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.5064072855260733,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.83248886094547,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3095.87,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6625332072242665,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 54.77205188133918,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282010,
        "corridor_rank": 9,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 29,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7594681.777379974,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1907752.7764960905,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4777935.915212814,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 3822879.779636275,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2671857.4123285655,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 52.617200857331504,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 61.822225046747924,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.715202930579352,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 7594681.777379974,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13124347.87100026,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.90199792675215,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.9499,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.2183,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 57.867117300062496,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 16.500967885104842,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 57.86711730006249,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3911.04,
        "distance_km": 2293.0048828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08183472355387879,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04607734616949498,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7895238936798706,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.68239210717094,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282010,
        "corridor_rank": 11,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "BEL",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 6891325.534148695,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 6329510.829116554,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7752332.556692119,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8645496.447003437,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 9500745.72330628,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.945999808774655,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.553201906730658,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.167006085615141,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12043492.59727514,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13967041.202825034,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.778993723159514,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 26.8163,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.5435,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 49.33990982109242,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -11.545948207134963,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 49.33990982109243,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4677.59,
        "distance_km": 1316.64013671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6605631476731756,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.59880398148887,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282010,
        "corridor_rank": 40,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "IND",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 4,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 314958.13827842666,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 171264.00255918823,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 337429.92445433384,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 224968.806160272,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 224968.806160272,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1791.1103096213242,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 98.77458348944732,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 40.98744039432993,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 359901.7106302411,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13669719.536461523,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1750.1228692269942,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.1785,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 18.898,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.304057061582956,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.08712730958447246,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 79.75339143898891,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6450.03,
        "distance_km": 7282.04638671875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.5323102001373737,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9748818087491562,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.54116802657482,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282010,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2008,
        "lane_data_years": 2,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 158403.31459862835,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 79210.83067865905,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 158403.31459862835,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 79210.83067865905,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 79210.83067865905,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1951.4848088484403,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 158403.31459862835,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 18866289.473513678,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.6304,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.3577,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.744727185598487,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.7445537841701557,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 92.66411073406464,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8639.49,
        "distance_km": 11400.1279296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035649841120444442,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9997683806806144,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 282010,
      "num_markets": 50,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "PER",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 105000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CUB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 275.17858292039386,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1833.6451651223567,
      "price_spread_pct": 5711.2915524248365,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 459.1538050847457,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 107635175
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 13249046.667469537,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.339919389795053
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 17520384.194052663,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.238829206259545
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 16554666.345824763,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.511967303523599
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 20067487.92648164,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.219525101107482
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 18267940.37583886,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.967477928655164
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 16508064.301557485,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.633686327381406
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 16787948.283006243,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.6954379164997087
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 19579568.84682911,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.62871791574858
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 21714696.761849914,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.904877077344768
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 20415180.45411569,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.984501289547444
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 20279229.70282293,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6659297065647544
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      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 20596302.868968323,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.5635365385759905
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 21431319.512668263,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.054206470997417
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        "year": 2023,
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        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.070938311509789
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      {
        "year": 2024,
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        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.815475232327665
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    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282010",
    "hs_description": "Manganese dioxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2820
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282010,
      "corridor_rank": 7,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 20,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9807693.03252217,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5269111.440083757,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 10173334.693394685,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8942701.728495404,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 7935465.842153691,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 11.977030729192627,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.587513285283441,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.6266685331466366,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11546731.440210916,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24019336.822504617,
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      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.35036219604599,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.9273,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.8877,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 40.832488860945475,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.5064072855260733,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 40.83248886094547,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 21,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3095.87,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6625332072242665,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 54.77205188133918,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282010,
      "corridor_rank": 9,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
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