{ "template": "T3", "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile", "source": "api", "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com" }, "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281990", "links": { "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281990", "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281990", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology" }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.", "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.", "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed." }, "exporter": { "hs_code": "281990", "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "first_data_year": 1995, "latest_data_year": 2024, "observed_lane_count": 114, "current_lane_count": 43, "active_market_count": 43, "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 6549170.865581625, "exports_current_2024_usd": 5887520.701401231, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6128463.377633632, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5958455.725843506, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5551521.950799534, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.813217026221396, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.027950643510182, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.799105056753904, "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 4777228.077081696, "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 18202510.047206413, "historical_peak_year": 2014, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241, "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.0141119694674914, "trend_label": "Declining", "top_market_iso3": "ITA", "top_market_exports_usd": 1186870.808066708, "top_market_share_pct": 18.122459047513388, "destination_hhi": 884.7477260750734, "weighted_share_latest_pct": 28.189790823036592, "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 9.996871710747948, "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9594994426257883, "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.50932913367842, "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 42.10526315789474, "data_freshness_years": 0, "coverage_score": 100, "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41", "source": "api", "product": { "hs_code": 281990, "hs_description": "Chromium oxides and hydroxides: excluding chromium trioxide", "hs_chapter": 28, "hs_heading": 2819, "substitution_elasticity": null, "price_range_label": "Low price range", "trade_type_label": "One-way trade" }, "hs_description": "Chromium oxides and hydroxides: excluding chromium trioxide", "hs_chapter": 28, "hs_heading": 2819, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 41, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "USA", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 23, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 118446.25825611575, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 118368.37946700212, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 99673.76313954177, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 133324.426140593, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 107598.67782628268, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.722844536787722, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 33.919276194213936, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.8851390037529772, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 338801.0197048666, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15548367.18535634, "historical_peak_year": 2003, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.45454545454545, "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.6079835405407, "trend_label": "Declining", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.7598, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.4342, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7617922630980187, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48921268373757415, "peer_best_share_pct": 51.35018257446566, "peer_top_exporter": "DEU", "supplier_count_latest": 18, "buyer_market_hhi": 3768.46, "distance_km": 5770.26416015625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.7012716550378152, "max_drawdown_pct": 93.53997186874338, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 74, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "JPN", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 7, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16910.274971536386, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12961.486992194627, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9153.420279258775, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5612.986440561829, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15114.5622517436, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 351.17598223985124, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.036619525371382, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 81.732435703464, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 62622.44130765246, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14659844.87291899, "historical_peak_year": 2018, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50, "trend_acceleration_pct": 269.4435465363872, "trend_label": "Rapid growth", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.4509, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.082, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.11535098166539669, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.08623468121586203, "peer_best_share_pct": 40.116394448594214, "peer_top_exporter": "CHN", "supplier_count_latest": 13, "buyer_market_hhi": 2729.44, "distance_km": 10777.423828125, "has_reported_fta": 1, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857, "volatility_cv": 1.6214347720912212, "max_drawdown_pct": 99.70597601617672, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "Medium", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 95, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "HKG", "latest_data_year": 2003, "lane_data_years": 1, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 246.16201216571332, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77879898.40449263, "historical_peak_year": 2003, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null, "trend_acceleration_pct": null, "trend_label": "Insufficient history", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 84.4123, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1152.9339, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2396915068268345, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2396915068268345, "peer_best_share_pct": 99.97871119760472, "peer_top_exporter": "KAZ", "supplier_count_latest": 5, "buyer_market_hhi": 9995.74, "distance_km": 10551.060546875, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0, "max_drawdown_pct": 0, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']", "signal_flag": "Declining", "confidence_label": "Low", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" } ], "priceSummary": { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": 281990, "num_markets": 62, "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LTU", "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 255000, "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK", "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1417.7692307692307, "median_price_across_markets": 6914.814814814815, "price_spread_pct": 3667.2309752379388, "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 26.78329, "total_trade_value_usd": 27545684 }, "history": [ { "year": 2010, "export_value_usd": 6320872.298285273, "active_destinations": 41, "yoy_growth_pct": 87.47577272612168 }, { "year": 2011, "export_value_usd": 6619416.64157759, "active_destinations": 40, "yoy_growth_pct": 4.7231510020113285 }, { "year": 2012, "export_value_usd": 4775731.744248254, "active_destinations": 42, "yoy_growth_pct": -27.852679430221432 }, { "year": 2013, "export_value_usd": 6324090.756424262, "active_destinations": 46, "yoy_growth_pct": 32.42139833420929 }, { "year": 2014, "export_value_usd": 8672440.418306021, "active_destinations": 47, "yoy_growth_pct": 37.13339596678325 }, { "year": 2015, "export_value_usd": 6474703.079434072, "active_destinations": 47, "yoy_growth_pct": -25.34162511203774 }, { "year": 2016, "export_value_usd": 5284858.958388058, "active_destinations": 45, "yoy_growth_pct": -18.37681367699125 }, { "year": 2017, "export_value_usd": 4347119.144300798, "active_destinations": 46, "yoy_growth_pct": -17.74389480345339 }, { "year": 2018, "export_value_usd": 5009368.131292146, "active_destinations": 49, "yoy_growth_pct": 15.234203733743435 }, { "year": 2019, "export_value_usd": 4606891.565362728, "active_destinations": 42, "yoy_growth_pct": -8.034477710177796 }, { "year": 2020, "export_value_usd": 4360565.3401073525, "active_destinations": 34, "yoy_growth_pct": -5.346907383438294 }, { "year": 2021, "export_value_usd": 7046323.156209286, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": 61.5919635786449 }, { "year": 2022, "export_value_usd": 8011678.187252874, "active_destinations": 48, "yoy_growth_pct": 13.700124300897373 }, { "year": 2023, "export_value_usd": 4486191.244246794, "active_destinations": 41, "yoy_growth_pct": -44.00435040707663 }, { "year": 2024, "export_value_usd": 5887520.70140123, "active_destinations": 43, "yoy_growth_pct": 31.236507336853652 } ], "economy": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226, "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493, "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244, "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407, "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159, "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454, "risk_score": 3.285705193107783, "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781, "population": 48848840, "labor_force": 22392.15, "investment_rate_pct": 24.25, "savings_rate_pct": 21.99, "secondary_education_pct": 88.05, "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02, "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25, "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664, "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 108, "num_wto_partners": 169, "num_eu_partners": 28, "num_shared_border_partners": 5, "num_shared_language_partners": 24, "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 40, "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889, "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092, "num_border_partners": 75, "num_colonial_partners": 605, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037, "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517, "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019 }, "countryMap": {} }, "product": { "hs_code": "281990", "hs_description": "Chromium oxides and hydroxides: excluding chromium trioxide", "hs_chapter": 28, "hs_heading": 2819 }, "destinations": [ { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 41, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "USA", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 23, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 118446.25825611575, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 118368.37946700212, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 99673.76313954177, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 133324.426140593, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 107598.67782628268, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.722844536787722, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 33.919276194213936, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.8851390037529772, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 338801.0197048666, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15548367.18535634, "historical_peak_year": 2003, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 45.45454545454545, "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.6079835405407, "trend_label": "Declining", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.7598, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.4342, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7617922630980187, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48921268373757415, "peer_best_share_pct": 51.35018257446566, "peer_top_exporter": "DEU", "supplier_count_latest": 18, "buyer_market_hhi": 3768.46, "distance_km": 5770.26416015625, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0.7012716550378152, "max_drawdown_pct": 93.53997186874338, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "High", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 74, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "JPN", "latest_data_year": 2024, "lane_data_years": 7, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16910.274971536386, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 12961.486992194627, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9153.420279258775, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5612.986440561829, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15114.5622517436, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 351.17598223985124, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.036619525371382, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 81.732435703464, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 62622.44130765246, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14659844.87291899, "historical_peak_year": 2018, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50, "trend_acceleration_pct": 269.4435465363872, "trend_label": "Rapid growth", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.4509, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 8.082, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.11535098166539669, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.08623468121586203, "peer_best_share_pct": 40.116394448594214, "peer_top_exporter": "CHN", "supplier_count_latest": 13, "buyer_market_hhi": 2729.44, "distance_km": 10777.423828125, "has_reported_fta": 1, "applied_tariff_pct": 0.039966357792484856, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.030413669105984857, "volatility_cv": 1.6214347720912212, "max_drawdown_pct": 99.70597601617672, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']", "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "confidence_label": "Medium", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" }, { "hs_code": 281990, "corridor_rank": 95, "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "importer_iso3": "HKG", "latest_data_year": 2003, "lane_data_years": 1, "exports_latest_observed_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_3y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_5y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_avg_10y_usd": 246.16201216571332, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null, "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null, "exports_historical_peak_usd": 246.16201216571332, "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 77879898.40449263, "historical_peak_year": 2003, "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null, "trend_acceleration_pct": null, "trend_label": "Insufficient history", "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 84.4123, "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1152.9339, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207, "market_share_latest_pct": 0.2396915068268345, "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.2396915068268345, "peer_best_share_pct": 99.97871119760472, "peer_top_exporter": "KAZ", "supplier_count_latest": 5, "buyer_market_hhi": 9995.74, "distance_km": 10551.060546875, "has_reported_fta": 0, "applied_tariff_pct": 0, "tariff_advantage_pp": null, "volatility_cv": 0, "max_drawdown_pct": 0, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']", "signal_flag": "Declining", "confidence_label": "Low", "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25" } ], "prices": [], "priceSummary": { "exporter_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": 281990, "num_markets": 62, "highest_price_importer_iso3": "LTU", "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 255000, "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK", "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1417.7692307692307, "median_price_across_markets": 6914.814814814815, "price_spread_pct": 3667.2309752379388, "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 26.78329, "total_trade_value_usd": 27545684 }, "history": [ { "year": 2010, "export_value_usd": 6320872.298285273, "active_destinations": 41, "yoy_growth_pct": 87.47577272612168 }, { "year": 2011, "export_value_usd": 6619416.64157759, "active_destinations": 40, "yoy_growth_pct": 4.7231510020113285 }, { "year": 2012, "export_value_usd": 4775731.744248254, "active_destinations": 42, "yoy_growth_pct": -27.852679430221432 }, { "year": 2013, "export_value_usd": 6324090.756424262, "active_destinations": 46, "yoy_growth_pct": 32.42139833420929 }, { "year": 2014, "export_value_usd": 8672440.418306021, "active_destinations": 47, "yoy_growth_pct": 37.13339596678325 }, { "year": 2015, "export_value_usd": 6474703.079434072, "active_destinations": 47, "yoy_growth_pct": -25.34162511203774 }, { "year": 2016, "export_value_usd": 5284858.958388058, "active_destinations": 45, "yoy_growth_pct": -18.37681367699125 }, { "year": 2017, "export_value_usd": 4347119.144300798, "active_destinations": 46, "yoy_growth_pct": -17.74389480345339 }, { "year": 2018, "export_value_usd": 5009368.131292146, "active_destinations": 49, "yoy_growth_pct": 15.234203733743435 }, { "year": 2019, "export_value_usd": 4606891.565362728, "active_destinations": 42, "yoy_growth_pct": -8.034477710177796 }, { "year": 2020, "export_value_usd": 4360565.3401073525, "active_destinations": 34, "yoy_growth_pct": -5.346907383438294 }, { "year": 2021, "export_value_usd": 7046323.156209286, "active_destinations": 36, "yoy_growth_pct": 61.5919635786449 }, { "year": 2022, "export_value_usd": 8011678.187252874, "active_destinations": 48, "yoy_growth_pct": 13.700124300897373 }, { "year": 2023, "export_value_usd": 4486191.244246794, "active_destinations": 41, "yoy_growth_pct": -44.00435040707663 }, { "year": 2024, "export_value_usd": 5887520.70140123, "active_destinations": 43, "yoy_growth_pct": 31.236507336853652 } ], "economy": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "ESP", "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226, "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493, "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244, "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407, "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159, "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454, "risk_score": 3.285705193107783, "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781, "population": 48848840, "labor_force": 22392.15, "investment_rate_pct": 24.25, "savings_rate_pct": 21.99, "secondary_education_pct": 88.05, "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02, "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25, "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664, "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 108, "num_wto_partners": 169, "num_eu_partners": 28, "num_shared_border_partners": 5, "num_shared_language_partners": 24, "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 40, "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889, "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092, "num_border_partners": 75, "num_colonial_partners": 605, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037, "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517, "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019 } }