{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281830",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281830",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281830",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281830",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 114,
    "current_lane_count": 55,
    "active_market_count": 55,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 70347488.60536557,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 66234303.09697099,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 88284742.10522574,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 87418761.17518398,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 85346964.72722098,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.251124004792455,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.634268952088863,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.101100828281354,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 66741221.77724611,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 171677856.17549407,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.150023176511102,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "NLD",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 10954012.466549318,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.571291433016174,
    "destination_hhi": 919.1745632909069,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.17338110564959,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.13811802810797158,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7230929753440983,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.34715387897236,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 37.719298245614034,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281830,
      "hs_description": "Aluminium hydroxide",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2818,
      "substitution_elasticity": -31.429192,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Aluminium hydroxide",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2818,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 38,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10954012.466549318,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15470829.616021425,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23020337.43616967,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 25350311.055255175,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 24595975.488453507,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -30.686911009820594,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -19.511966030049454,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.30089624331941,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 32894816.572516844,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 86639260.24400416,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -22.386014766501184,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -9.7776,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2865,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.643243300669093,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -15.961082350675438,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 42.77984195249986,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2564.27,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6624050878095064,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 82.66091328828948,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 47,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9858941.288310159,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7272151.388615068,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9353086.886356277,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 8636485.65997796,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6811664.278238925,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.698879054834951,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.532114374789181,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.944931747709889,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 14202589.254636168,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 45623485.53341821,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.7539473071250615,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 5.5821,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.6326,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 21.60935573650703,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.6284551909053846,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.46025894756876,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 29,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3732.3,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.3613952834020738,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99317066402527,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NOR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9794984.570435181,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3430935.973083134,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8034153.742471625,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6587734.587741703,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5807978.436854076,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.619410870483936,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 30.601565983014133,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.505761986823911,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9794984.570435181,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15228444.10279369,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.113648883660026,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.786,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.3883,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 64.32032389072677,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.896390472478714,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 64.32032389072677,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4523.06,
        "distance_km": 2390.7822265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.027626026818626265,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.005222757343741426,
        "volatility_cv": 0.683364437886667,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 65.0270964875875,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 57,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SWE",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7527747.435821389,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 8517571.414172612,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9202371.250417357,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11780136.499039158,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 13707803.453299176,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -18.083522854110367,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -16.167741738158202,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.0638881247361787,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 18180641.921054695,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24858344.000922855,
        "historical_peak_year": 2019,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.01963472937419,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.1843,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.3819,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 30.282578097486805,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.11143773484895547,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 43.35579921381697,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3090.72,
        "distance_km": 2596.90771484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.020748499880808083,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.020748499880808083,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5969365139499413,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 60.13133701538087,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 77,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FIN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5043332.644213901,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3221492.656168851,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 3323662.8674258203,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2881173.8764084624,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3089090.756498298,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 28.371739638235958,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.176484595050221,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.5741708766677354,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 6014209.175375205,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13109222.133212307,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 26.797568761568222,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 38.4341,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.9992,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 38.47163922439442,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.2412525883184244,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 38.47163922439442,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 15,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2442.52,
        "distance_km": 2952.194580078125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.03786010987878788,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03786010987878788,
        "volatility_cv": 0.38755511732964504,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 78.2330278776644,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281830,
        "corridor_rank": 81,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 4666839.628848951,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5475118.7029361455,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 6025356.0873289285,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5167116.847101381,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 3882983.5132179246,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.7080570602959995,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 10.31046161198721,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 27.336782034263884,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15592287.617822,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 131179402.59174497,
        "historical_peak_year": 2005,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -31.044839094559883,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.0107,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.2046,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.55760091648918,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.48357567307579563,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.546918819160375,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2752.91,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8392657248924933,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.32961220132424,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 281830,
      "num_markets": 80,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 306000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MUS",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 142.5,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1341.6962524654832,
      "price_spread_pct": 22796.32960425732,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7106.7245938697315,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 461136004
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 51666050.56856022,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.717099516235868
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 76162901.97858359,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 47.413826178790934
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 84087534.08878513,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.404845278124883
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 71417248.80167757,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.06797104280575
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 73989210.89281364,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6013177968788592
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 64883928.90968851,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.30622934513483
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 74176622.79048316,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.322027098157214
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 86698527.89984931,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.881201432876107
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 92095807.09938811,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.225341225832023
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 98520954.69688088,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.976590791542625
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 80618392.04426798,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.171324778260274
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 91621187.51597477,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.647996682525124
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 107488053.2775338,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.317900140502466
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 91131869.94117242,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.216745338321244
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 66234303.09697099,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.32037305969179
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
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