{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281290",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281290",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281290",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281290",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 29,
    "active_market_count": 29,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1264134.2078993283,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1025912.9840379504,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 639088.1936169618,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 539654.0218137938,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 655359.7432264953,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 55.144950948851076,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.184055378663732,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.03751375599562179,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1003868.5289660109,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 4626927.9593626885,
    "historical_peak_year": 2019,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 55.182464704846694,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 662543.1858784785,
    "top_market_share_pct": 52.41082645642964,
    "destination_hhi": 2979.809694934211,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 21.186547018473735,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 13.605811170271288,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 2.661145639374382,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.63832081222611,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.86274509803921,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 84.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281290,
      "hs_description": "Halides and halide oxides of non-metals: excluding chloride",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2812,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Halides and halide oxides of non-metals: excluding chloride",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2812,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281290,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 662543.1858784785,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 33809.57330955479,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 331747.8049850705,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 221299.9564813703,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 83603.8169205359,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1079.011374732847,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 371.06612789322054,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 77.85681358983005,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 662543.1858784785,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14535699.125128224,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.869565217391305,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1001.1545611430168,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.4402,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.4117,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.5580414135920275,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.550457381300565,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 35.99332749978927,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 26,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2166.57,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 3.8888487563045824,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.40927997600748,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 281290,
      "num_markets": 51,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 934000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BOL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 175,
      "median_price_across_markets": 26526.315789473683,
      "price_spread_pct": 3520.372023809524,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.5910672268907566,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3586232
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 476650.423486821,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 207.2228560653041
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 313079.9794072755,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -34.31664717362159
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 333735.5606852897,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.597541406869713
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 708660.5541198639,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 112.3419370308356
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1029769.5215215741,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.31209837134485
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 725714.3848545145,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -29.526523198879655
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 752773.2436311638,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.728582392930504
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 613262.9991956658,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.532837825443995
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 424813.86647810094,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.728925919993237
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1338762.8290365376,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 215.14103815289434
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 506280.904623366,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -62.1829278762005
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 274724.6235947177,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -45.736720250373324
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 516841.1544648507,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 88.1306261164674
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 374510.4423480844,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.53857948176337
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1025912.9840379503,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 173.9344135788949
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "281290",
    "hs_description": "Halides and halide oxides of non-metals: excluding chloride",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2812
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 281290,
      "corridor_rank": 55,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 24,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 662543.1858784785,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 33809.57330955479,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 331747.8049850705,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 221299.9564813703,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 83603.8169205359,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1079.011374732847,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 371.06612789322054,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 77.85681358983005,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 662543.1858784785,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14535699.125128224,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 60.869565217391305,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1001.1545611430168,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.4402,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.4117,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.5580414135920275,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.550457381300565,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 35.99332749978927,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 26,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2166.57,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 3.8888487563045824,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.40927997600748,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 281290,
    "num_markets": 51,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 934000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BOL",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 175,
    "median_price_across_markets": 26526.315789473683,
    "price_spread_pct": 3520.372023809524,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 2.5910672268907566,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3586232
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 476650.423486821,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 207.2228560653041
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 313079.9794072755,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -34.31664717362159
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 333735.5606852897,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.597541406869713
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 708660.5541198639,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 112.3419370308356
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1029769.5215215741,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.31209837134485
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 725714.3848545145,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.526523198879655
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 752773.2436311638,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.728582392930504
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 613262.9991956658,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.532837825443995
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 424813.86647810094,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.728925919993237
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1338762.8290365376,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 215.14103815289434
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 506280.904623366,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -62.1829278762005
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 274724.6235947177,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.736720250373324
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 516841.1544648507,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 88.1306261164674
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 374510.4423480844,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.53857948176337
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1025912.9840379503,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 173.9344135788949
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}