{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281000",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/281000",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/281000",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "281000",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 135,
    "current_lane_count": 63,
    "active_market_count": 63,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2196779.1337577812,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1852463.6030947554,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2292869.0752382036,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2263528.769159625,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2554696.4723594286,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.1183587741288368,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.278886087240835,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.825455480114192,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3042062.451052992,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 12124869.561686039,
    "historical_peak_year": 2010,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.707096705985355,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 458869.7913790029,
    "top_market_share_pct": 20.888298888476164,
    "destination_hhi": 1085.8538458220287,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 9.022351579353105,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -7.569714727185114,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1081530746322794,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 93.79925105512646,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 31.85185185185185,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 281000,
      "hs_description": "Oxides of boron: boric acids",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2810,
      "substitution_elasticity": -15.234051,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oxides of boron: boric acids",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2810,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 281000,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 9,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 458869.7913790029,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 195583.12677508598,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 480649.3842376263,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 431711.9908186568,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 431711.9908186568,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.21929430443121,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 117.82404147814023,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 47.58863149922499,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 545293.1169633341,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 39192498.048274145,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.36933719479378,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.0832,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.7776,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1708102678573953,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.38862536868614717,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 71.02020392826972,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 26,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5162.41,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.126468671949055,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 95.70251413198811,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 281000,
        "corridor_rank": 71,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 340028.3630628756,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 338309.92960864544,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 416350.89194487873,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 457939.3547602195,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 343024.9515249549,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.81879965719889,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.355690702598626,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.463797612307179,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1752007.903557344,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11602474.92142814,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.28259726950607,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.7506,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.8733,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.9306537214305117,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6780651221272076,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.44689172635485,
        "peer_top_exporter": "LUX",
        "supplier_count_latest": 34,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2080.16,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0558974304318396,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.70245221433106,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 281000,
      "num_markets": 92,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 159307.6923076923,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 220,
      "median_price_across_markets": 4105.263157894737,
      "price_spread_pct": 3875.2130177514796,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 49.41961355932204,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 14596792
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5251497.7331513055,
        "active_destinations": 65,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 51.344748640223756
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3480714.242986047,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.719589727455734
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1728102.8549885126,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.3520618369981
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2188615.977505698,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 26.64847877473396
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2467314.705048229,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.734016858460299
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 3257630.187372582,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.03140161679961
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 2500697.283367995,
        "active_destinations": 70,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.23569160608392
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 2227460.5256505813,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.926422783545094
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 3229084.763166201,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.96709261427077
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3014448.118238798,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.646980821802466
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 2463677.983519964,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.271010583543344
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1975358.6365635493,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.820745658437534
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2159267.203886385,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.310135583418615
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2866876.4187334715,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 32.770803612146146
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1852463.6030947552,
        "active_destinations": 63,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.38390455235819
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "281000",
    "hs_description": "Oxides of boron: boric acids",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2810
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 281000,
      "corridor_rank": 63,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 9,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 458869.7913790029,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 195583.12677508598,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 480649.3842376263,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 431711.9908186568,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 431711.9908186568,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.21929430443121,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 117.82404147814023,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 47.58863149922499,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 545293.1169633341,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 39192498.048274145,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.36933719479378,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 12.0832,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.7776,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.1708102678573953,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.38862536868614717,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 71.02020392826972,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 26,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5162.41,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 1.126468671949055,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 95.70251413198811,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 281000,
      "corridor_rank": 71,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 340028.3630628756,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 338309.92960864544,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 416350.89194487873,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 457939.3547602195,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 343024.9515249549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.81879965719889,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.355690702598626,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 9.463797612307179,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1752007.903557344,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11602474.92142814,
      "historical_peak_year": 2010,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -24.28259726950607,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -28.7506,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.8733,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.9306537214305117,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.6780651221272076,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 34.44689172635485,
      "peer_top_exporter": "LUX",
      "supplier_count_latest": 34,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2080.16,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0558974304318396,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 93.70245221433106,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 281000,
    "num_markets": 92,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "GBR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 159307.6923076923,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 220,
    "median_price_across_markets": 4105.263157894737,
    "price_spread_pct": 3875.2130177514796,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 49.41961355932204,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 14596792
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5251497.7331513055,
      "active_destinations": 65,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 51.344748640223756
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3480714.242986047,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.719589727455734
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1728102.8549885126,
      "active_destinations": 66,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.3520618369981
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2188615.977505698,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 26.64847877473396
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2467314.705048229,
      "active_destinations": 75,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.734016858460299
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 3257630.187372582,
      "active_destinations": 77,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.03140161679961
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 2500697.283367995,
      "active_destinations": 70,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.23569160608392
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 2227460.5256505813,
      "active_destinations": 73,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.926422783545094
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 3229084.763166201,
      "active_destinations": 62,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.96709261427077
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3014448.118238798,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.646980821802466
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 2463677.983519964,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.271010583543344
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1975358.6365635493,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.820745658437534
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2159267.203886385,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.310135583418615
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2866876.4187334715,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 32.770803612146146
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1852463.6030947552,
      "active_destinations": 63,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.38390455235819
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}