{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/280440",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/280440",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/280440",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "280440",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 125,
    "current_lane_count": 47,
    "active_market_count": 47,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4553057.958405091,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4003920.782770275,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4419527.606077866,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 5391688.464779809,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4540310.118446217,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -22.796057327797968,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -3.6764354794988963,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 5.927003305715917,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3173968.1694533313,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 11824628.038995914,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.723060633513885,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1319541.5355534933,
    "top_market_share_pct": 28.981435062068062,
    "destination_hhi": 1403.6861028236922,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 45.915022256239034,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 3.2283895792477626,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1509665057734122,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 86.03345297679674,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 48,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "hs_description": "Oxygen",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2804,
      "substitution_elasticity": -14.341238,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oxygen",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 280440,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 616191.1289129088,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 262003.59690410146,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 554406.8864960165,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481371.30176523403,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 368147.6565597743,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.117752377025099,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.099615648731017,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.860030820006795,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 642558.9247420881,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11489313.02804359,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.7422784429816955,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.2611,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8466,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.363167731690174,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.4185598116544158,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.929605689915565,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 47,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1904.24,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5682424485804544,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 94.28089489635839,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 280440,
        "corridor_rank": 36,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 66549.72856457636,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 220200.11657093608,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 481497.9901513269,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 648205.8513398304,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 461174.5499880395,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -60.47634280234951,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.947484941687705,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 71.0948869665865,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1077891.1766346563,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40284362.204324216,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -131.571229768936,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.9073,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6985,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.16519990617459185,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.6634457340878264,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 60.42616005191543,
        "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 46,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3967.62,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5025868174879458,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.86538085529807,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "num_markets": 74,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2835333.3333333335,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 79.0012865106971,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5060,
      "price_spread_pct": 56032.69430922575,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 495.910875,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 20694852
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 2308559.748034023,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.5122086111755739
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2934385.0088265217,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.108904646087385
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3291460.337287356,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.16865978345599
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 2478317.1352288225,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.70463316379144
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 2251223.5048554377,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.163219151628764
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2094630.2283618231,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.955918688476477
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 3737740.0273268144,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.4439075077247
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 3197538.2013341533,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -14.452632393992548
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 4586133.520817708,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 43.42701265943194
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 4828616.882722616,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.287315792359948
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 4998902.198892914,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5265857761380763
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 8700957.306772534,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 74.05736220843646
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5079602.396287371,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.620189397624344
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 4175059.639175949,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.807353539571192
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4003920.782770276,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.09907573055535
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "280440",
    "hs_description": "Oxygen",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 616191.1289129088,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 262003.59690410146,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 554406.8864960165,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 481371.30176523403,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 368147.6565597743,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.117752377025099,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 19.099615648731017,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.860030820006795,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 642558.9247420881,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11489313.02804359,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.7422784429816955,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 21.2611,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.8466,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 5.363167731690174,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.4185598116544158,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.929605689915565,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 47,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1904.24,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.5682424485804544,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 94.28089489635839,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 280440,
      "corridor_rank": 36,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 21,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 66549.72856457636,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 220200.11657093608,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 481497.9901513269,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 648205.8513398304,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 461174.5499880395,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -60.47634280234951,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -36.947484941687705,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 71.0948869665865,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1077891.1766346563,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 40284362.204324216,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -131.571229768936,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 23.9073,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.6985,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.16519990617459185,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.6634457340878264,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 60.42616005191543,
      "peer_top_exporter": "FRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 46,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3967.62,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.5025868174879458,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.86538085529807,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 280440,
    "num_markets": 74,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2835333.3333333335,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 79.0012865106971,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5060,
    "price_spread_pct": 56032.69430922575,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 495.910875,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 20694852
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 2308559.748034023,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.5122086111755739
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2934385.0088265217,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.108904646087385
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3291460.337287356,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.16865978345599
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 2478317.1352288225,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.70463316379144
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 2251223.5048554377,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.163219151628764
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2094630.2283618231,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.955918688476477
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 3737740.0273268144,
      "active_destinations": 55,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 78.4439075077247
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 3197538.2013341533,
      "active_destinations": 54,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.452632393992548
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 4586133.520817708,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.42701265943194
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 4828616.882722616,
      "active_destinations": 46,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.287315792359948
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 4998902.198892914,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.5265857761380763
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 8700957.306772534,
      "active_destinations": 45,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 74.05736220843646
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5079602.396287371,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.620189397624344
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 4175059.639175949,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.807353539571192
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 4003920.782770276,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.09907573055535
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}