{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/280429",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/280429",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/280429",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "280429",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 109,
    "current_lane_count": 35,
    "active_market_count": 35,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 10257403.944414241,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 9607039.81937567,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8955096.81841427,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9305048.417131145,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8145124.118142059,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.4147407390349716,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.079759091910538,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.7613602957170729,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 5591634.789175758,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 18933933.24564339,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.6533804433178987,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6001501.966248827,
    "top_market_share_pct": 58.508975553380616,
    "destination_hhi": 3719.4854836060326,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 59.34417951268056,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4498716758787213,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9176973079268134,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 52.25779223310816,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 65.13761467889908,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 87.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 280429,
      "hs_description": "Gases, rare: other than argon",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2804,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.2083569,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Gases, rare: other than argon",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 280429,
      "num_markets": 51,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1265000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 241.11431316042265,
      "median_price_across_markets": 39402.621722846445,
      "price_spread_pct": 3209.8343470213977,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.60614705882353,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 45222906
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4650592.5551498905,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.647014962071694
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 4516528.727594889,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.882725716458314
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 3964703.854600927,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.217897998133976
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 4534452.353345991,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.370518445756982
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10370067.05165136,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 128.69502739397504
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 5335010.369247482,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -48.553752423443406
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5836766.528338463,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.404970644166808
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 7422652.310629396,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.170622203084466
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 7664118.619490782,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2531000881666134
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 8667451.268058755,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.091298535181545
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 8997500.810039192,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.8079192114610985
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 10662450.820373712,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.50458305573931
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 8548889.20593978,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.822474682793914
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 8709361.429927357,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.8771119863862464
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 9607039.81937567,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.307051747372489
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "280429",
    "hs_description": "Gases, rare: other than argon",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2804
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 280429,
    "num_markets": 51,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "KWT",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1265000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "SEN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 241.11431316042265,
    "median_price_across_markets": 39402.621722846445,
    "price_spread_pct": 3209.8343470213977,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 11.60614705882353,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 45222906
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 4650592.5551498905,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.647014962071694
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 4516528.727594889,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.882725716458314
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 3964703.854600927,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.217897998133976
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 4534452.353345991,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.370518445756982
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10370067.05165136,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 128.69502739397504
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 5335010.369247482,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -48.553752423443406
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5836766.528338463,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.404970644166808
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 7422652.310629396,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.170622203084466
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 7664118.619490782,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.2531000881666134
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 8667451.268058755,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.091298535181545
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 8997500.810039192,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.8079192114610985
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 10662450.820373712,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.50458305573931
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 8548889.20593978,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.822474682793914
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 8709361.429927357,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.8771119863862464
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 9607039.81937567,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.307051747372489
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}