{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/271320",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/271320",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/271320",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "271320",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 127,
    "current_lane_count": 51,
    "active_market_count": 51,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 641650452.7745774,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 443736019.0024186,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 512197125.42131025,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 523940727.73350686,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 563953738.7984514,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.620578329313647,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.783544920666651,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.919667494135815,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 550975268.9073246,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1639517688.2396836,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -6.700910835177831,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 106627952.476119,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.617763147371953,
    "destination_hhi": 929.2283276366794,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 36.45448644907127,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.9836210722125023,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.850979592592908,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 82.30061633464962,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 49.60629921259842,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 271320,
      "hs_description": "Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals",
      "hs_chapter": 27,
      "hs_heading": 2713,
      "substitution_elasticity": -28.132484,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2713,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 271320,
        "corridor_rank": 19,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 106627952.476119,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 97553702.52700594,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 118591491.60551794,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 121585564.33646198,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 124101647.28276119,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.436875392268172,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.193874490488749,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.79530696527759,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 206836383.58105358,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 421067701.7621358,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.641568426990582,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3886,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.0691,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.323232351920904,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.166460485897371,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.412410892704575,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 38,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1712.15,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6780604438127654,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 58.748846979543515,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 271320,
        "corridor_rank": 21,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MAR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 93489376.16834325,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 42335421.26123553,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 94498285.65002614,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 91355676.33922803,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 88413673.47809885,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.179667263268482,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.0651983054827174,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 33.385844610196024,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 129525421.57011513,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 158570499.5175942,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -36.56551187346451,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.2543,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 172.3949,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 58.95760967693119,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.1578701402183995,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 58.9576096769312,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 14,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3899.71,
        "distance_km": 762.6525268554688,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.4768519003587878,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.4695611095118484,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9891555228552553,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.77216046998556,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 271320,
        "corridor_rank": 23,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 92419946.22321199,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 57695516.78076108,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 90057117.59996836,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 81413145.56609647,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 60551827.1690706,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.4816319502942608,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.684852491036839,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.699962816249919,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 122681908.1372667,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 101564930.25246416,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.18159476654418,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 7.5298,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.3601,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 90.99592348803853,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.4561095250351315,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 90.99592348803853,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 9,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8333.24,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.520419962815324,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 78.9727599959009,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 271320,
        "corridor_rank": 40,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DZA",
        "latest_data_year": 2022,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 68733638.30152015,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 68465504.30067006,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 71704182.49573807,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 83988059.03046301,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 105452843.63146994,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -12.980377268451914,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.239944158126619,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.596210608679475,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 189572270.95629895,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 302058651.13460624,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.96296296296296,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -7.384166659772439,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 51.9895,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 136.9747,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 29.66651546186566,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -5.336777869531826,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 89.3733860913978,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 4,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8099.08,
        "distance_km": 706.8756713867188,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.23658253282424235,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1656216637575757,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8856543864080311,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.7115313247965,
        "attention_level": "Critical attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 271320,
        "corridor_rank": 56,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 50153948.4967861,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16833856.644754414,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 49198026.54588846,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 39879940.21258584,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 37659795.953301504,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 64.61237104971806,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.780962388288629,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 37.74979006792607,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 71816893.65944795,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 390394036.3021788,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56.52173913043478,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 26.862580981791993,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -15.1844,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 36.8595,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 12.847006827216278,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.8931485918433868,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 23.18492915386037,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1565.52,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.328934280132179,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.25865522853258,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 271320,
      "num_markets": 77,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 10461.538461538463,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 2.4891486390162205,
      "median_price_across_markets": 458.35092592592594,
      "price_spread_pct": 2281.8868079672498,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 33733.603442922366,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2817169802
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 565648930.4890367,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 36.86606948231223
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 700759616.3896407,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 23.88596152454366
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 749222744.6841395,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.915799249988748
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 818200837.0355513,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.206620172815482
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 734882261.3002527,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.183144768853175
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 456050894.3694858,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -37.94231832966289
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 418819782.2056355,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.16380641360747
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 642557349.5187354,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.420964533916745
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 837006076.4821786,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.26169214453495
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 665399646.7409441,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.502411459480992
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 440319146.8324843,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.82636300017289
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 642793115.5711193,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.983457724963415
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 586498190.7776217,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.757860566611658
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 506357166.4838904,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.664325918460987
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 443736019.00241864,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.366991449199533
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "271320",
    "hs_description": "Petroleum bitumen: obtained from bituminous minerals",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2713
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 271320,
      "corridor_rank": 19,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 106627952.476119,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 97553702.52700594,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 118591491.60551794,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 121585564.33646198,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 124101647.28276119,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.436875392268172,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.193874490488749,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.79530696527759,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 206836383.58105358,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 421067701.7621358,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.641568426990582,
      "trend_label": "Declining",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.3886,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.0691,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 25.323232351920904,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.166460485897371,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.412410892704575,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 38,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1712.15,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6780604438127654,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 58.748846979543515,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
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