{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/270900",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/270900",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/270900",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "270900",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 114,
    "current_lane_count": 32,
    "active_market_count": 32,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 612986696.5562074,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 430902704.40549237,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 561446528.2637873,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 403744095.1007512,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 243367089.826761,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 29.09989438214644,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.56732422407181,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.604776370657328,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 409137753.2481626,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 2052476247.2559767,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 22.49511801148911,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 112839960.52581404,
    "top_market_share_pct": 18.40822340187072,
    "destination_hhi": 1103.9077453001223,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 22.12810639016864,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 9.195944680943061,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.6000306248509755,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 82.28561776378598,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 56.14035087719298,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 86,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 270900,
      "hs_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
      "hs_chapter": 27,
      "hs_heading": 2709,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.554918,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2709,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 270900,
      "num_markets": 57,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 204902.40608116597,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 9.75609756097561,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2191.6483516483518,
      "price_spread_pct": 9348.792192392726,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 24871.403031746035,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2358976921
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 90681054.27406624,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 369.44523726857005
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 186043148.34831178,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 105.16209238815392
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 270155004.0336087,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 45.21093973738923
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 50279428.19632915,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -81.38867411463009
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 227306882.23316467,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 352.0872459917118
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 75494499.92207217,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -66.78741128276435
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 44218522.81126388,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -41.4281532338016
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 62044856.42703747,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 40.314177142146974
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 49304232.22520499,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.5345373259345
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 183888311.37827528,
        "active_destinations": 28,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 272.96658538020813
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 134117502.83817402,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.06578148826333
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 200263387.87422028,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 49.31935328072563
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 760879591.2612288,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 279.9394384255177
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 492557289.1246409,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.26475216555864
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 430902704.4054924,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.517241360638327
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "270900",
    "hs_description": "Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2709
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 270900,
    "num_markets": 57,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 204902.40608116597,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "IRN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 9.75609756097561,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2191.6483516483518,
    "price_spread_pct": 9348.792192392726,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 24871.403031746035,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 2358976921
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 90681054.27406624,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 369.44523726857005
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 186043148.34831178,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 105.16209238815392
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 270155004.0336087,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.21093973738923
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 50279428.19632915,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -81.38867411463009
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 227306882.23316467,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 352.0872459917118
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 75494499.92207217,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.78741128276435
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 44218522.81126388,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.4281532338016
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 62044856.42703747,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 40.314177142146974
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 49304232.22520499,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.5345373259345
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 183888311.37827528,
      "active_destinations": 28,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 272.96658538020813
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 134117502.83817402,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.06578148826333
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 200263387.87422028,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 49.31935328072563
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 760879591.2612288,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 279.9394384255177
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 492557289.1246409,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.26475216555864
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 430902704.4054924,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.517241360638327
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}