{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/270740",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/270740",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/270740",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "270740",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 75,
    "current_lane_count": 8,
    "active_market_count": 8,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 42424977.0637467,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3117815.4722973695,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 4938690.20790664,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4276042.483822616,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 275937353.7397227,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.4975562517171377,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -66.01369427327062,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -42.793871781842974,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 303687120.7846193,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1223789274.8276505,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 39.29631553012584,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 26948314.347856335,
    "top_market_share_pct": 63.51992673411344,
    "destination_hhi": 4775.866020365831,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 91.52806799221702,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.1983423544207248,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2596418641194045,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.74594890160483,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 49.333333333333336,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 84,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 270740,
      "hs_description": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: naphthalene",
      "hs_chapter": 27,
      "hs_heading": 2707,
      "substitution_elasticity": -35.385162,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: naphthalene",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2707,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 270740,
        "corridor_rank": 26,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 20,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 123179.07172026875,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 519702.04368348524,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 172960.8911974798,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 182960.8945862914,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 263811.64061654184,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 119.29984190196885,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -17.18490906817287,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.844673765568412,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1838099.1271691534,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11610128.878153995,
        "historical_peak_year": 2008,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 128.14451566753726,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.8968,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 356.3495,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.060962139292412,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9131339790591362,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.49931294817395,
        "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2978.85,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8050235674894882,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.36459146759043,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 270740,
      "num_markets": 26,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4191.011235955057,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 18.88888888888889,
      "median_price_across_markets": 964.548824429064,
      "price_spread_pct": 432.5465172315908,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 28404.91028846154,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 794499044
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 167835761.3973731,
        "active_destinations": 21,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 183.76568369105607
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 178384016.39104888,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.28486736429276
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 312382474.4301991,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.1179734317688
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 143265718.79994586,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -54.137722014889114
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 830662980.8521568,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 479.80582361931425
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 355941165.426488,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -57.14974982256502
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 271553107.0840547,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.708428959409535
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 666170923.2814989,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 145.3188366853401
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 756736455.838324,
        "active_destinations": 16,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.594939285357466
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 687591673.3477486,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.137234232223648
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 3094892.7750181975,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -99.5498937967137
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 3469249.0203749584,
        "active_destinations": 14,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.095935871463585
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 5830343.599077251,
        "active_destinations": 10,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 68.05780054517689
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 5867911.552345302,
        "active_destinations": 11,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6443523032501361
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3117815.472297369,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -46.866692783546945
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "270740",
    "hs_description": "Oils and products of the distillation of high temperature coal tar: naphthalene",
    "hs_chapter": 27,
    "hs_heading": 2707
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 270740,
      "corridor_rank": 26,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 20,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 123179.07172026875,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 519702.04368348524,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 172960.8911974798,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 182960.8945862914,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 263811.64061654184,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 119.29984190196885,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -17.18490906817287,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -8.844673765568412,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1838099.1271691534,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11610128.878153995,
      "historical_peak_year": 2008,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 57.89473684210526,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 128.14451566753726,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.8968,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 356.3495,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.060962139292412,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.9131339790591362,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.49931294817395,
      "peer_top_exporter": "JPN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 11,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2978.85,
      "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8050235674894882,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.36459146759043,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 270740,
    "num_markets": 26,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 4191.011235955057,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "USA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 18.88888888888889,
    "median_price_across_markets": 964.548824429064,
    "price_spread_pct": 432.5465172315908,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 28404.91028846154,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 794499044
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 167835761.3973731,
      "active_destinations": 21,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 183.76568369105607
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 178384016.39104888,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.28486736429276
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 312382474.4301991,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.1179734317688
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 143265718.79994586,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -54.137722014889114
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 830662980.8521568,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 479.80582361931425
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 355941165.426488,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -57.14974982256502
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 271553107.0840547,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.708428959409535
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 666170923.2814989,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 145.3188366853401
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 756736455.838324,
      "active_destinations": 16,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.594939285357466
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 687591673.3477486,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.137234232223648
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 3094892.7750181975,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -99.5498937967137
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 3469249.0203749584,
      "active_destinations": 14,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.095935871463585
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 5830343.599077251,
      "active_destinations": 10,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 68.05780054517689
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 5867911.552345302,
      "active_destinations": 11,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6443523032501361
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3117815.472297369,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -46.866692783546945
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}