{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/252329",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/252329",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/252329",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "252329",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 166,
    "current_lane_count": 53,
    "active_market_count": 53,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 335291937.5179242,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 326249478.80491626,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 307059195.3884951,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 261835306.82041854,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 225550360.29369432,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.241767508743086,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 15.365933591133562,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.5880965582102835,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 173315874.45843673,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 679716593.8116153,
    "historical_peak_year": 2023,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.653670950532803,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "GBR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 98708862.83850496,
    "top_market_share_pct": 29.439676828861455,
    "destination_hhi": 1979.6192036717437,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 34.14965481074908,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.04859973999268275,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.989551920011773,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 70.10358948477463,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 30.72289156626506,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 252329,
      "hs_description": "Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured",
      "hs_chapter": 25,
      "hs_heading": 2523,
      "substitution_elasticity": -16.921192,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured",
    "hs_chapter": 25,
    "hs_heading": 2523,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 252329,
        "corridor_rank": 13,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "GBR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 98708862.83850496,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28398610.747115776,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 103301965.38074116,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 82707081.73309213,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 59334190.92405281,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.269674472062427,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.807870838301334,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.177978030771744,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 113847571.04280077,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 415145627.4312803,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.091696441290683,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.3934,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.4151,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 23.77692460577448,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.2644761437272685,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 36.43352490027035,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IRL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 34,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2250.06,
        "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0137835089835285,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 51.30453059508076,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 252329,
        "corridor_rank": 15,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 81881315.42524315,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 45928892.54683189,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 89677102.00874205,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 78483542.18015577,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 66614982.55434076,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.806159000982558,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.737805087399366,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.6622937473820478,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 102825751.26138666,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 316309589.2480347,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.14386525360051,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -14.0305,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 9.1336,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 25.886447394750274,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -2.060463817879885,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 32.44948466990123,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 48,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2017.35,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.5813985970351173,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 51.26764347648008,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 252329,
        "corridor_rank": 31,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 57182178.36453919,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 21084141.891188975,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 57234905.003353596,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 53500491.322267935,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40390896.093571484,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.5179784362565183,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 9.634103626162172,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.518181469164298,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 66244382.850329414,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 57623960.073636055,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.00020303290778,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -13.5247,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 37.6263,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 99.23333677773564,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.178456961345006,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.23333677773564,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9847.59,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8299598290209222,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 81.41122634176298,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 252329,
        "corridor_rank": 54,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 38562237.17985986,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 21407245.01114278,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23272968.875180494,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18207517.930940554,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 18299746.20376623,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 46.439507854053616,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 32.92561553259363,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 21.83665869871996,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 87813576.89646977,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1637634525.944684,
        "historical_peak_year": 1998,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 24.602849155333658,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.0128,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.428,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 72.4138,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.354752331422354,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.3164062961736582,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.796886733196377,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CAN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 37,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1619.26,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.109063032059379,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99310807276936,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 252329,
        "corridor_rank": 71,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 18,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 30627008.279744983,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3795551.861111405,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 15229812.295022903,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10522649.62446976,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5509265.631276866,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 78.18710941319999,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 77.96882635909361,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 141.76237268771806,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 30627008.279744983,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 203763252.04782802,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.8235294117647,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -63.575263274518065,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 3.7302,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3.2656,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.030682898875261,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 9.396890519956498,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.67643508141481,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3415.42,
        "distance_km": 1481.3658447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.857487356185383,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98635281881728,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 252329,
      "num_markets": 111,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ECU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52560.94364351245,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 4.917695019975302,
      "median_price_across_markets": 410.19698725376594,
      "price_spread_pct": 12812.387116821752,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 47597.80124104236,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 1078817132
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 204673316.05058852,
        "active_destinations": 62,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.45475810121019
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 173803733.3724397,
        "active_destinations": 69,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.082367977327763
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 203429832.23948613,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.04572064833693
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 242669996.111389,
        "active_destinations": 75,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 19.28928684643839
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 278690134.83306986,
        "active_destinations": 73,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.843260105854656
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 236107715.1519068,
        "active_destinations": 83,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.279485837081797
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 187474098.0473283,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.598063503892128
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 193137483.64910045,
        "active_destinations": 72,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.0208896379607726
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 169960352.92085254,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.000327585481545
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 159647419.06566212,
        "active_destinations": 77,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.067846811304854
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 169184957.97887334,
        "active_destinations": 67,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.9741265903512595
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 218813989.9577341,
        "active_destinations": 64,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.33418701741682
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 265267814.352763,
        "active_destinations": 66,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.22982374390315
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 329660293.00780606,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.27451623264463
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 326249478.8049163,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.0346451408416892
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "252329",
    "hs_description": "Cement: portland, other than white, whether or not artificially coloured",
    "hs_chapter": 25,
    "hs_heading": 2523
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 252329,
      "corridor_rank": 13,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "GBR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 98708862.83850496,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 28398610.747115776,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 103301965.38074116,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 82707081.73309213,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 59334190.92405281,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 18.269674472062427,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 18.807870838301334,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 14.177978030771744,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 113847571.04280077,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 415145627.4312803,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 65.51724137931035,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 4.091696441290683,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.3934,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.4151,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 23.77692460577448,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -3.2644761437272685,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 36.43352490027035,
      "peer_top_exporter": "IRL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 34,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2250.06,
      "distance_km": 1263.3787841796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.0137835089835285,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 51.30453059508076,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
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