{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/252310",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/252310",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/252310",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "252310",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 123,
    "current_lane_count": 32,
    "active_market_count": 32,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 130078942.96460572,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 83572887.19490956,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 82020283.20324253,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 92563037.51207414,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 187068178.18025202,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -9.146863514777849,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -8.964908829047136,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -11.601226945829179,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 182754376.02781716,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 936359547.0988646,
    "historical_peak_year": 2017,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.4543634310513305,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "MEX",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 21853325.666565076,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.800048623174415,
    "destination_hhi": 607.7198804793959,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 31.475535501028634,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 13.983926728430246,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2326186131112211,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 89.12354956725464,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 46.34146341463415,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 96,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 252310,
      "hs_description": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured)",
      "hs_chapter": 25,
      "hs_heading": 2523,
      "substitution_elasticity": -12.968801,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured)",
    "hs_chapter": 25,
    "hs_heading": 2523,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 252310,
        "corridor_rank": 46,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 6,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21853325.666565076,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4542589.327074807,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9059485.84037508,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6796306.166063052,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5451107.101278408,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1378.1008222762434,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 215.1367469505559,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 486.20546115777506,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21853325.666565076,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31112629.57076083,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 80,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 891.8953611184684,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.868,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 118.994,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 70.23940428070566,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 57.946686327832126,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 70.23940428070566,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5722.79,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.73424252207778,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 90.37539173046765,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 252310,
        "corridor_rank": 97,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "CMR",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 21,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10105016.823874583,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 20209009.333783433,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11465467.186244654,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13904571.029941697,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32180236.948746324,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.972883377989463,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -27.043442770848458,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.350861785423057,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 78473981.08795588,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 164165456.17587498,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.622021592566406,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 38.3903,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.235,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.155385584314888,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -7.953919815666754,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 29.110239661850002,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DZA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1635.9,
        "distance_km": 4347.4765625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.19805431824242425,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9835610209299803,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98974661446786,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 252310,
      "num_markets": 72,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 38416.666666666664,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 9.459539473684211,
      "median_price_across_markets": 80.23774443589166,
      "price_spread_pct": 47866.758216115566,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 69891.95152717392,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 630642832
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 85079830.16721015,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.246059301033886
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 91776649.41839343,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.8712184051399845
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 178309776.07384643,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 94.28664829652242
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 207262389.52311262,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 16.237255234550663
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 286815775.03560954,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 38.3829336791592
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 267684324.1365076,
        "active_destinations": 51,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.670292419141409
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 252596100.05130392,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6365736521460725
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 552532055.060706,
        "active_destinations": 53,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 118.74132456854367
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 201388023.66765073,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -63.55179363385089
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 133666091.32598118,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.62758673943322
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 105313176.06459193,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.21174860439582
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 111441161.88605113,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.818821585725146
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 91803442.92293967,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.621602853702367
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 70684519.4918784,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.004500439911183
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 83572887.19490956,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.23364973784962
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "252310",
    "hs_description": "Cement clinkers (whether or not coloured)",
    "hs_chapter": 25,
    "hs_heading": 2523
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 252310,
      "corridor_rank": 46,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 6,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 21853325.666565076,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4542589.327074807,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 9059485.84037508,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 6796306.166063052,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 5451107.101278408,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1378.1008222762434,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 215.1367469505559,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 486.20546115777506,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 21853325.666565076,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31112629.57076083,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 80,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 891.8953611184684,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.868,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 118.994,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 70.23940428070566,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 57.946686327832126,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 70.23940428070566,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 13,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5722.79,
      "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
      "volatility_cv": 1.73424252207778,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 90.37539173046765,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 252310,
      "corridor_rank": 97,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "CMR",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 21,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 10105016.823874583,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 20209009.333783433,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11465467.186244654,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13904571.029941697,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 32180236.948746324,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.972883377989463,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -27.043442770848458,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.350861785423057,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 78473981.08795588,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 164165456.17587498,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.622021592566406,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 38.3903,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.235,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.155385584314888,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -7.953919815666754,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 29.110239661850002,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DZA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1635.9,
      "distance_km": 4347.4765625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.19805431824242425,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9835610209299803,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.98974661446786,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 252310,
    "num_markets": 72,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SVK",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 38416.666666666664,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 9.459539473684211,
    "median_price_across_markets": 80.23774443589166,
    "price_spread_pct": 47866.758216115566,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 69891.95152717392,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 630642832
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 85079830.16721015,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.246059301033886
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 91776649.41839343,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.8712184051399845
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 178309776.07384643,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 94.28664829652242
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 207262389.52311262,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.237255234550663
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 286815775.03560954,
      "active_destinations": 47,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 38.3829336791592
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 267684324.1365076,
      "active_destinations": 51,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.670292419141409
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 252596100.05130392,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6365736521460725
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 552532055.060706,
      "active_destinations": 53,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 118.74132456854367
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 201388023.66765073,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.55179363385089
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 133666091.32598118,
      "active_destinations": 49,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.62758673943322
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 105313176.06459193,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.21174860439582
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 111441161.88605113,
      "active_destinations": 37,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.818821585725146
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 91803442.92293967,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.621602853702367
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 70684519.4918784,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.004500439911183
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 83572887.19490956,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.23364973784962
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}