{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/230641",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/230641",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/230641",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "230641",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 28,
    "current_lane_count": 7,
    "active_market_count": 7,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 14315021.623492515,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 11439578.018357905,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11941463.756393703,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12240141.655213509,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 10400885.198001157,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.843437623613599,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 8.010172815889693,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.425719346654237,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 8976807.60137179,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 25337506.334348716,
    "historical_peak_year": 2022,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.269156970267836,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 7482671.803901207,
    "top_market_share_pct": 52.271466999542106,
    "destination_hhi": 3344.5909609011214,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.7306896024707243,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.9373010658929626,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9833152447413418,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 78.34365974534813,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 73.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 230641,
      "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils",
      "hs_chapter": 23,
      "hs_heading": 2306,
      "substitution_elasticity": -8.0600834,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils",
    "hs_chapter": 23,
    "hs_heading": 2306,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 230641,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 28,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7482671.803901207,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3427950.313743825,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8792307.277773997,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10051941.560674816,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8380834.541361773,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.26437731933217,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.870003665336876,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.331602566484111,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12744591.936206337,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 185913784.2346636,
        "historical_peak_year": 2021,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.44444444444444,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.59597988581628,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.9949,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.3107,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.024807431414794,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.37065332698591735,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.337642084301926,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
        "supplier_count_latest": 19,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2722.83,
        "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1733396124435886,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.43236658270739,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 230641,
      "num_markets": 9,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 803.1831593605716,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 207.1790870074132,
      "median_price_across_markets": 301.9263827741385,
      "price_spread_pct": 197.40046129026427,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7686.370428571429,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 55488835
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 3852840.349905649,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 59.908360282527816
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 3904094.930837873,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3303063786040046
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 4100603.2837630194,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.033390745008679
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 3530420.0563477916,
        "active_destinations": 9,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.904861991233277
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 5094327.758514654,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.298063040824665
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 8817622.562966336,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 73.08706822462632
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 5858598.778166221,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.55806810361669
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 8825220.792416325,
        "active_destinations": 8,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.637057197125124
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 11524782.68174413,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.589171113402497
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 7781918.888651023,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.4766539764954
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12509437.968021788,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.75004310653088
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 12866879.03886466,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8573711445438845
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 13503890.808298552,
        "active_destinations": 6,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.950786958591799
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 10880922.44252465,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.423797207853674
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 11439578.018357903,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.134266683584883
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "230641",
    "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of low erucic acid rape or colza seed oils",
    "hs_chapter": 23,
    "hs_heading": 2306
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 230641,
      "corridor_rank": 68,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 28,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7482671.803901207,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 3427950.313743825,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8792307.277773997,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 10051941.560674816,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8380834.541361773,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.26437731933217,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.870003665336876,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 12.331602566484111,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 12744591.936206337,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 185913784.2346636,
      "historical_peak_year": 2021,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.44444444444444,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -28.59597988581628,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -4.9949,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 11.3107,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.024807431414794,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.37065332698591735,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.337642084301926,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BEL",
      "supplier_count_latest": 19,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2722.83,
      "distance_km": 1054.6563720703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1733396124435886,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.43236658270739,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 230641,
    "num_markets": 9,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BEL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 803.1831593605716,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NLD",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 207.1790870074132,
    "median_price_across_markets": 301.9263827741385,
    "price_spread_pct": 197.40046129026427,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 7686.370428571429,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 55488835
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 3852840.349905649,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 59.908360282527816
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 3904094.930837873,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.3303063786040046
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 4100603.2837630194,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.033390745008679
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 3530420.0563477916,
      "active_destinations": 9,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.904861991233277
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 5094327.758514654,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.298063040824665
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 8817622.562966336,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 73.08706822462632
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 5858598.778166221,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.55806810361669
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 8825220.792416325,
      "active_destinations": 8,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.637057197125124
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 11524782.68174413,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.589171113402497
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 7781918.888651023,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.4766539764954
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 12509437.968021788,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.75004310653088
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 12866879.03886466,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.8573711445438845
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 13503890.808298552,
      "active_destinations": 6,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.950786958591799
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 10880922.44252465,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.423797207853674
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 11439578.018357903,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.134266683584883
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}