{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/230610",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/230610",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/230610",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "230610",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 24,
    "current_lane_count": 5,
    "active_market_count": 5,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 428247.9649275609,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 54190.99031150181,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 295280.6798739015,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 260212.46826528147,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 179521.01514960316,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -35.781666550210424,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -28.49593332282313,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.8493664376215495,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 715282.4422684346,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1701502.1615450839,
    "historical_peak_year": 1998,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 42.857142857142854,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.932300112588877,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "IRL",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 277249.9700673063,
    "top_market_share_pct": 64.74052249476627,
    "destination_hhi": 4562.953084020743,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 27.89153781264031,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 14.121024740113755,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.5281308054697145,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 61.963978801158675,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 79.16666666666667,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 72.5,
    "confidence_label": "Medium",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 230610,
      "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of cotton seed oils",
      "hs_chapter": 23,
      "hs_heading": 2306,
      "substitution_elasticity": -28.289387,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of cotton seed oils",
    "hs_chapter": 23,
    "hs_heading": 2306,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 230610,
        "corridor_rank": 22,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 5,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 15081.495026526867,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4720.025786772516,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7844.0986547936445,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7844.0986547936445,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4720.025786772516,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 70.50669225641941,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 37.735172616204714,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15081.495026526867,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11736615.547142008,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.6449,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8334,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1284995232735503,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.12244808500816769,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 97.72843714541352,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9552.5,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1112521074047306,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 80.0586056398686,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 230610,
        "corridor_rank": 23,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2000,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16.43175284043884,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10066189.396850936,
        "historical_peak_year": 2000,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.4894,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3200.8483,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 50,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7241306349351143,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7241306349351143,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.15970682355449,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CIV",
        "supplier_count_latest": 6,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3804.74,
        "distance_km": 2742.22119140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": null,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 230610,
      "num_markets": 5,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2750.692338124753,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 250,
      "median_price_across_markets": 527.2392515923567,
      "price_spread_pct": 474.29934902839943,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 362.23983333333325,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 2059248
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 168837.80252336556,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 133.67602013591318
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 127431.3728262237,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.524383211758284
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 51530.857575433285,
        "active_destinations": 3,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.561875201874216
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 19857.275846560136,
        "active_destinations": 1,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.465271915003306
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 89086.16088456113,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 348.63233795482313
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 49408.28252254273,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -44.53876782661389
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 40768.84303838968,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.485812181816424
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 103872.82248797112,
        "active_destinations": 7,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 154.7848178820283
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 10181.066337577944,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -90.19852730125154
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 289916.7957831428,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2747.6073740239813
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 210599.39959915166,
        "active_destinations": 2,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.3586757779016
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 204620.90210555136,
        "active_destinations": 4,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.8388008251588484
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 505164.4553112935,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 146.87822705947713
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 326486.5939989091,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.370236253514534
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 54190.9903115018,
        "active_destinations": 5,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -83.40177167835478
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "230610",
    "hs_description": "Oil-cake and other solid residues: whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of cotton seed oils",
    "hs_chapter": 23,
    "hs_heading": 2306
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 230610,
      "corridor_rank": 22,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MEX",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 5,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 15081.495026526867,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 4720.025786772516,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7844.0986547936445,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7844.0986547936445,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4720.025786772516,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 70.50669225641941,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 37.735172616204714,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15081.495026526867,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11736615.547142008,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.6449,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.8334,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1284995232735503,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.12244808500816769,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 97.72843714541352,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9552.5,
      "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
      "volatility_cv": 1.1112521074047306,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 80.0586056398686,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Medium",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 230610,
      "corridor_rank": 23,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "MRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2000,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 16.43175284043884,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10066189.396850936,
      "historical_peak_year": 2000,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 10.4894,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 3200.8483,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 50,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7241306349351143,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.7241306349351143,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 44.15970682355449,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CIV",
      "supplier_count_latest": 6,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3804.74,
      "distance_km": 2742.22119140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": null,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 230610,
    "num_markets": 5,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ITA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2750.692338124753,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "MLI",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 250,
    "median_price_across_markets": 527.2392515923567,
    "price_spread_pct": 474.29934902839943,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 362.23983333333325,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 2059248
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 168837.80252336556,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 133.67602013591318
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 127431.3728262237,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.524383211758284
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 51530.857575433285,
      "active_destinations": 3,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.561875201874216
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 19857.275846560136,
      "active_destinations": 1,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.465271915003306
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 89086.16088456113,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 348.63233795482313
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 49408.28252254273,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.53876782661389
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 40768.84303838968,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.485812181816424
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 103872.82248797112,
      "active_destinations": 7,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 154.7848178820283
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 10181.066337577944,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -90.19852730125154
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 289916.7957831428,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2747.6073740239813
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 210599.39959915166,
      "active_destinations": 2,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.3586757779016
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 204620.90210555136,
      "active_destinations": 4,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.8388008251588484
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 505164.4553112935,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 146.87822705947713
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 326486.5939989091,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.370236253514534
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 54190.9903115018,
      "active_destinations": 5,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -83.40177167835478
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}