{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/190190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/190190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/190190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "190190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 172,
    "current_lane_count": 132,
    "active_market_count": 132,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 133970314.65873225,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 133281859.44010116,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 122064385.38286674,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 106870385.17889461,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 88837137.42526624,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 13.027720514968454,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 13.0058765752608,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 7.109426881399816,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 65645267.39458271,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 223611921.0436949,
    "historical_peak_year": 2024,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 5.918293633568638,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 29262193.45303386,
    "top_market_share_pct": 21.842296577099617,
    "destination_hhi": 802.5894056890098,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 16.23633851004057,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 1.247105254197741,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8746114352739517,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 80.16568010464704,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 11.627906976744185,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 190190,
      "hs_description": "Food preparations: of flour, meal, starch, malt extract or milk products, for uses n.e.s. in heading no. 1901",
      "hs_chapter": 19,
      "hs_heading": 1901,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.8257985,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Food preparations: of flour, meal, starch, malt extract or milk products, for uses n.e.s. in heading no. 1901",
    "hs_chapter": 19,
    "hs_heading": 1901,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 190190,
        "corridor_rank": 71,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "PRT",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 29262193.45303386,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11687014.462694416,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22576566.53438853,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18499570.18017722,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14411996.62232477,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 31.84326416277179,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 23.50438930363652,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.962806746455534,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 29262193.45303386,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 66259075.160650894,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.880457416316254,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.8719,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5509,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 44.16329896257249,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.695415397327274,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 44.16329896257249,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2671.92,
        "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.46871967198115977,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 54.12029995844815,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 190190,
      "num_markets": 150,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MNE",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 222000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BDI",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 71.57894736842105,
      "median_price_across_markets": 2892.2001471670346,
      "price_spread_pct": 7673.342429984133,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 343.49927722772276,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 450752666
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 71280032.63289465,
        "active_destinations": 110,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.261768140059274
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 71721261.41795741,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6190075519959004
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 59352945.29761098,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.24497851239643
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 63055183.226518594,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.237665056626312
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 67064715.71779921,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.358767489227373
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 63753598.11057171,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.937197707898007
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 66084236.36183266,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6556968082315677
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 72706907.56238663,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.021559701912409
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 79153460.1447253,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.866492604993761
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 72321246.1786729,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -8.631604927390772
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 75855701.8829067,
        "active_destinations": 126,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.887160953368777
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 92303067.86296616,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.682438593011955
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 108532631.29509082,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.582907922648022
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 124378665.41340813,
        "active_destinations": 128,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.600248726333106
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 133281859.4401012,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.1581360011387485
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "190190",
    "hs_description": "Food preparations: of flour, meal, starch, malt extract or milk products, for uses n.e.s. in heading no. 1901",
    "hs_chapter": 19,
    "hs_heading": 1901
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 190190,
      "corridor_rank": 71,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "PRT",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 29262193.45303386,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11687014.462694416,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 22576566.53438853,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 18499570.18017722,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14411996.62232477,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 31.84326416277179,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 23.50438930363652,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 10.962806746455534,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 29262193.45303386,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 66259075.160650894,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 20.880457416316254,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 9.8719,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.5509,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 44.16329896257249,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 4.695415397327274,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 44.16329896257249,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2671.92,
      "distance_km": 500.9222717285156,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.46871967198115977,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 54.12029995844815,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 190190,
    "num_markets": 150,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MNE",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 222000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "BDI",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 71.57894736842105,
    "median_price_across_markets": 2892.2001471670346,
    "price_spread_pct": 7673.342429984133,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 343.49927722772276,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 450752666
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 71280032.63289465,
      "active_destinations": 110,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.261768140059274
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 71721261.41795741,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.6190075519959004
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 59352945.29761098,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.24497851239643
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 63055183.226518594,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.237665056626312
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 67064715.71779921,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.358767489227373
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 63753598.11057171,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.937197707898007
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 66084236.36183266,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6556968082315677
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 72706907.56238663,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 10.021559701912409
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 79153460.1447253,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.866492604993761
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 72321246.1786729,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -8.631604927390772
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 75855701.8829067,
      "active_destinations": 126,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.887160953368777
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 92303067.86296616,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.682438593011955
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 108532631.29509082,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.582907922648022
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 124378665.41340813,
      "active_destinations": 128,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.600248726333106
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 133281859.4401012,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.1581360011387485
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}