{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/152190",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/152190",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/152190",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "152190",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 102,
    "current_lane_count": 39,
    "active_market_count": 39,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 1623893.3040863504,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1383160.3002844567,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1864056.1663986929,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2238996.874134403,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1995746.5733678243,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -21.002668481279585,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.328261784702179,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.42167260292842457,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1951758.4386017926,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 7044961.667653731,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -21.42434108420801,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "FRA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 421409.06909486,
    "top_market_share_pct": 25.950539240135424,
    "destination_hhi": 1229.5695449913508,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 15.093610927065477,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.254904282201958,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9235959832261027,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 84.51446584706869,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 47.05882352941177,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 99.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 152190,
      "hs_description": "Waxes, other than vegetable, n.e.c. in heading no. 1521: whether or not refined or coloured",
      "hs_chapter": 15,
      "hs_heading": 1521,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.0504069,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Waxes, other than vegetable, n.e.c. in heading no. 1521: whether or not refined or coloured",
    "hs_chapter": 15,
    "hs_heading": 1521,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 152190,
        "corridor_rank": 38,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 181389.5967506174,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 236967.86492115055,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 328558.8739696316,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 369326.02830674296,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 384089.87927382614,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.510822012723334,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.262798981902975,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.3655690580692057,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 686683.7896223546,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23239190.667375896,
        "historical_peak_year": 2015,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.14525295465413,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.3175,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.3176,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7805331921703251,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.5108497328463875,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 40.342319074674094,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 52,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2103.09,
        "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7810835798798911,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.86004367054773,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 152190,
        "corridor_rank": 57,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 68846.03160171103,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 62498.84431547232,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 85794.22163869186,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 70013.91662541922,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 57659.533906793746,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2001555965423072,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 52.88653162108259,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.9243441987003451,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 102742.41167567269,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27811083.816519517,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.7241886021580379,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.6606,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.0322,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.24754889833102142,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.09531888647904388,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.89706733944465,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 37,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1683.89,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.4188572658979712,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 90.14251633360932,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 152190,
      "num_markets": 55,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 82512.82051282052,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 186.55555555555554,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10620.041753653446,
      "price_spread_pct": 775.1971872327483,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 9.082417218543048,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 10905220
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1503090.2580203987,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 73.70154791331531
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 2209530.828022004,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 46.99921153983144
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 2079265.0106161332,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.895632491468166
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1385497.0113588464,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.36602096005586
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1326166.3655160617,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.2822644405847825
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 2094837.4545379598,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 57.961889926440634
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1603709.5331308057,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.44467922049245
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1752216.7744493445,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.260233118937622
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1755651.893971464,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.1960442093815096
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1556065.7069166538,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.368209594404604
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 2797154.5101386295,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 79.7581231759933
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2805661.361337308,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.304125180351827
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 2435568.0145860757,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -13.19094855320774
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1773440.1843255449,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -27.185766371343128
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1383160.3002844565,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -22.00693812458723
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "152190",
    "hs_description": "Waxes, other than vegetable, n.e.c. in heading no. 1521: whether or not refined or coloured",
    "hs_chapter": 15,
    "hs_heading": 1521
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 152190,
      "corridor_rank": 38,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 181389.5967506174,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 236967.86492115055,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 328558.8739696316,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 369326.02830674296,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 384089.87927382614,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -14.510822012723334,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -9.262798981902975,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.3655690580692057,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 686683.7896223546,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 23239190.667375896,
      "historical_peak_year": 2015,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -12.14525295465413,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 18.3175,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.3176,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7805331921703251,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.5108497328463875,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 40.342319074674094,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 52,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2103.09,
      "distance_km": 1479.33154296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7810835798798911,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.86004367054773,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 152190,
      "corridor_rank": 57,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 68846.03160171103,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 62498.84431547232,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 85794.22163869186,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 70013.91662541922,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 57659.533906793746,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2001555965423072,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 52.88653162108259,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.9243441987003451,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 102742.41167567269,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27811083.816519517,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 63.63636363636363,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 0.7241886021580379,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 17.6606,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 10.0322,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.24754889833102142,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.09531888647904388,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.89706733944465,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 37,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1683.89,
      "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.4188572658979712,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 90.14251633360932,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 152190,
    "num_markets": 55,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 82512.82051282052,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CHN",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 186.55555555555554,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10620.041753653446,
    "price_spread_pct": 775.1971872327483,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 9.082417218543048,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 10905220
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1503090.2580203987,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 73.70154791331531
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 2209530.828022004,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 46.99921153983144
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 2079265.0106161332,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.895632491468166
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1385497.0113588464,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.36602096005586
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1326166.3655160617,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.2822644405847825
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 2094837.4545379598,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 57.961889926440634
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1603709.5331308057,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.44467922049245
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1752216.7744493445,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.260233118937622
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1755651.893971464,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.1960442093815096
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1556065.7069166538,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.368209594404604
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 2797154.5101386295,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.7581231759933
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2805661.361337308,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.304125180351827
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 2435568.0145860757,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -13.19094855320774
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1773440.1843255449,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -27.185766371343128
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1383160.3002844565,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -22.00693812458723
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}