{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/151529",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/151529",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/151529",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "151529",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 128,
    "current_lane_count": 41,
    "active_market_count": 41,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 16899939.402831577,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 4760780.865397228,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 7574266.706770155,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 9397692.221089285,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 20892492.79488825,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -33.94172944466456,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.22409728421605,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.374822944378232,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 41286147.24690308,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 218531939.40489152,
    "historical_peak_year": 1998,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -29.56690650028633,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6246436.952629992,
    "top_market_share_pct": 36.96129792976301,
    "destination_hhi": 1675.5691147417826,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 25.468046872883278,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -18.29579416481374,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.2138407219342617,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.33122406300357,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 47.65625,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 151529,
      "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: maize (corn) oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified",
      "hs_chapter": 15,
      "hs_heading": 1515,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.8789229,
      "price_range_label": "High price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: maize (corn) oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified",
    "hs_chapter": 15,
    "hs_heading": 1515,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 151529,
        "corridor_rank": 33,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "LBY",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1220892.5852436505,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15946446.540403547,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1171196.1082346458,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1034950.3202824077,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4689837.20210457,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.165272345895833,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.684692508619992,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -14.01758130917835,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 112287504,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 94882302.76128796,
        "historical_peak_year": 1998,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.15384615384615,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 19.182853655074183,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.2826,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.1079,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.2867442607450876,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.15512074431516698,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.296096134202,
        "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
        "supplier_count_latest": 11,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3148.27,
        "distance_km": 1726.344970703125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1720997900756363,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4991110591623928,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.45929641404298,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','buyer_macro_weakness']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 151529,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "MEX",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 9,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 406072.10258327733,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 87697.89750101557,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 261414.07004648223,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 184351.1911100407,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 157124.63974214898,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 23.961604537465163,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 53.13625075703969,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 63.49231238118607,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 406072.10258327733,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10311003.976456428,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -39.530707843720904,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -33.3045,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 40.7959,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 3.9382401899027455,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.1830174987523403,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 76.53358463119326,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 16,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6043.1,
        "distance_km": 9073.951171875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.10968114655848483,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13100950524598787,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5064777832841505,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.84797513231443,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 151529,
        "corridor_rank": 68,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ARE",
        "latest_data_year": 2023,
        "lane_data_years": 13,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 239163.23814804942,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1872065.7129792606,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1941170.7612161785,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1488435.3697520213,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1942115.7437932251,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -51.30532562991894,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -30.084322504795225,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -24.425238449205878,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5818898.063130183,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 31255597.98613739,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -26.880087180713062,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -11.7132,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 4.4188,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6755575048413166,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -10.660662943383148,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.471843278728976,
        "peer_top_exporter": "SAU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3174.83,
        "distance_km": 5634.66748046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.05214629114545452,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9482240515214525,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99885774144724,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "Medium",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 151529,
        "corridor_rank": 70,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 16,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 226350.04328613565,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 42533.78828914617,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 99523.71578468934,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 67100.72627879182,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 64635.2367322159,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 114.60815777136287,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 7.7900775526753785,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 80.87212777139987,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 226350.04328613565,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 35769715.78692551,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 66.66666666666667,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 33.736029999962994,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -29.7208,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 44.24,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.6327979921184357,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.5262576592628515,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 75.43644295284821,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CAN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 24,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5875.31,
        "distance_km": 5770.26416015625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04674475463696969,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4531295680564988,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99959325806397,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 151529,
        "corridor_rank": 80,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "SAU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 11,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 145524.79710505522,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1120747.6624302543,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 103320.27898629957,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 606751.3654922314,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 728805.9732646879,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -60.938327239482035,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 48.03573312374378,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -30.615321151954355,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 5627314.371018739,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 25126208.640451424,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 50,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -30.32300608752768,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.629,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 7.4412,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.5791753112754566,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.48401212893258605,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 27.14364390119945,
        "peer_top_exporter": "EGY",
        "supplier_count_latest": 18,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1952.5,
        "distance_km": 4975.89697265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.09920948249898988,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 1.5833154871454822,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.67871250325463,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 151529,
      "num_markets": 71,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ISL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 52500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GMB",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 65,
      "median_price_across_markets": 1949.8764433012038,
      "price_spread_pct": 2689.144749665566,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 401.8148379888268,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 89060069
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 4453610.6889863545,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.16512245506085
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 14155661.798869016,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 217.8468615111676
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 87502383.03098306,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 518.1440633031666
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 33270722.384461187,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -61.97735280800226
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 7446559.584212992,
        "active_destinations": 37,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -77.61828102749327
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 18327770.05489817,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 146.12399656015353
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 53876669.261561304,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 193.961944634735
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 43493112.349823035,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.27282635332933
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 38075360.835643135,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.45657351583381
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 8163554.341510469,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -78.55948266189931
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 7749975.893641222,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.066156609826941
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      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 16515685.09149474,
        "active_destinations": 52,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 113.10627695043149
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 10605939.740802955,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.78262311222676
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      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 7356079.51411028,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.64188847113546
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      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 4760780.865397228,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.28100319925585
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    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "151529",
    "hs_description": "Vegetable oils: maize (corn) oil and its fractions, other than crude, whether or not refined, but not chemically modified",
    "hs_chapter": 15,
    "hs_heading": 1515
  },
  "destinations": [
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      "corridor_rank": 33,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "LBY",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1220892.5852436505,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 15946446.540403547,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1171196.1082346458,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1034950.3202824077,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4689837.20210457,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.165272345895833,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.684692508619992,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -14.01758130917835,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 112287504,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 94882302.76128796,
      "historical_peak_year": 1998,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 46.15384615384615,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 19.182853655074183,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -0.2826,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 22.1079,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 1.2867442607450876,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.15512074431516698,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.296096134202,
      "peer_top_exporter": "TUR",
      "supplier_count_latest": 11,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3148.27,
      "distance_km": 1726.344970703125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1720997900756363,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
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