{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/040221",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/040221",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/040221",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "040221",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 142,
    "current_lane_count": 59,
    "active_market_count": 59,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 24170796.97398737,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 22264418.952891063,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 25173576.848668594,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 24621983.789892625,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 27164688.427654892,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.8548871383958545,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -10.432820947117916,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.2741777795381437,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 34739885.12633035,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 123757617.53922647,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 2.129064917933998,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "PRT",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 6025531.988972585,
    "top_market_share_pct": 24.928975223519796,
    "destination_hhi": 1100.2902935162886,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.99845577709402,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.9393046819567965,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0175343424596683,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.25577818477797,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 40.140845070422536,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 40221,
      "hs_description": "Dairy produce: milk and cream, concentrated, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content exceeding 1.5% (by weight)",
      "hs_chapter": 4,
      "hs_heading": 402,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.0457845,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Dairy produce: milk and cream, concentrated, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content exceeding 1.5% (by weight)",
    "hs_chapter": 4,
    "hs_heading": 402,
    "destinations": [],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 40221,
      "num_markets": 90,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VEN",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 171000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.44608171466842,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5049.333333333333,
      "price_spread_pct": 3381.8633598815422,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 126.47171031746034,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 159943636
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 19200933.430175215,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.409772339718566
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 19604102.528561607,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.099736972957741
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 16154568.832040764,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -17.595978655463306
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 17476293.951516032,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.18174185406778
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 25310677.59768847,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.82863282059193
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 20346122.05472,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.6144711014053
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 26254010.729796622,
        "active_destinations": 60,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.03692732790856
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 23768000.213591583,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.469069475863268
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 39543975.31979858,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 66.37485259355394
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 38624857.009178996,
        "active_destinations": 56,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3242941641211474
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 25886150.82334149,
        "active_destinations": 57,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -32.980591184610006
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 21703037.580115855,
        "active_destinations": 50,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.15965723051312
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 25115619.73255526,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.723983980776884
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 28140691.86055946,
        "active_destinations": 58,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.044584844876653
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 22264418.95289106,
        "active_destinations": 59,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.88176416125817
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "040221",
    "hs_description": "Dairy produce: milk and cream, concentrated, not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter, in powder, granules or other solid forms, of a fat content exceeding 1.5% (by weight)",
    "hs_chapter": 4,
    "hs_heading": 402
  },
  "destinations": [],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 40221,
    "num_markets": 90,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "VEN",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 171000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GHA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 238.44608171466842,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5049.333333333333,
    "price_spread_pct": 3381.8633598815422,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 126.47171031746034,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 159943636
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 19200933.430175215,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.409772339718566
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 19604102.528561607,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.099736972957741
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 16154568.832040764,
      "active_destinations": 44,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.595978655463306
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 17476293.951516032,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.18174185406778
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 25310677.59768847,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.82863282059193
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 20346122.05472,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.6144711014053
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 26254010.729796622,
      "active_destinations": 60,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 29.03692732790856
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 23768000.213591583,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.469069475863268
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 39543975.31979858,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 66.37485259355394
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 38624857.009178996,
      "active_destinations": 56,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.3242941641211474
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 25886150.82334149,
      "active_destinations": 57,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -32.980591184610006
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 21703037.580115855,
      "active_destinations": 50,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.15965723051312
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 25115619.73255526,
      "active_destinations": 48,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 15.723983980776884
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 28140691.86055946,
      "active_destinations": 58,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.044584844876653
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 22264418.95289106,
      "active_destinations": 59,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -20.88176416125817
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}