{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/030491",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/030491",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/esp/030491",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "030491",
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 87,
    "current_lane_count": 19,
    "active_market_count": 19,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 14564457.05620698,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 13670096.573282467,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 17359851.849388123,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 15673850.55330407,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15036857.625076633,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 0.7137909746716353,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.4202111596311018,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 2.430328753173039,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 14951733.848451074,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 46432867.82746081,
    "historical_peak_year": 2005,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -1.7165377785014035,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 11049424.231542263,
    "top_market_share_pct": 75.86567895322466,
    "destination_hhi": 5831.952766510262,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 90.47494080512598,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.5451014543297013,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.7925470674256108,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 48.463419346259805,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 49.42528735632184,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 89.5,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:41",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 30491,
      "hs_description": "Fish: swordfish (Xiphias gladius), frozen, other than fillets",
      "hs_chapter": 3,
      "hs_heading": 304,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.0754542,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Fish: swordfish (Xiphias gladius), frozen, other than fillets",
    "hs_chapter": 3,
    "hs_heading": 304,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 30491,
        "corridor_rank": 1,
        "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11049424.231542263,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7035097.554842992,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13864169.15908184,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12863907.498892376,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12929439.280693432,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.240798551656098,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.226429386471296,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.1739869506513623,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15672586.436068341,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11772433.912918476,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.4147855023074603,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -29.6047,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.7439,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 93.8584519843189,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.14152389118227404,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 93.8584519843189,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 13,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 8824.57,
        "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6880524960576588,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 36.8724174413635,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "hs_code": 30491,
      "num_markets": 39,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NZL",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 24791.666666666668,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 919.1618861060584,
      "median_price_across_markets": 9256.872654874034,
      "price_spread_pct": 257.88952349896465,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 77.50458490566037,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 74336132
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 5749572.382502328,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.549159389858272
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 8169889.325006907,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 42.09559914177842
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 9886008.299859354,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.00541276121873
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 10614943.855269361,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.373406265705618
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 10751917.334572783,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2903834553531481
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 12270997.639589984,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.128459676048658
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 13278861.482624961,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 8.213381443276466
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 16318732.450379042,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 22.892557255241133
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 15447144.771159053,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.341025608883884
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 14683587.14049294,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.943034081558751
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 12908198.650978794,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.090972543202033
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 13381498.567377178,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6666612375266987
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 19340606.504139837,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 44.53244086794881
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 19068852.470742073,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.4050957157915152
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 13670096.573282469,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.311907629172133
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "ESP",
      "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
      "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
      "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
      "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
      "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
      "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
      "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
      "population": 48848840,
      "labor_force": 22392.15,
      "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
      "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
      "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
      "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
      "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 108,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
      "num_border_partners": 75,
      "num_colonial_partners": 605,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
      "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
      "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "030491",
    "hs_description": "Fish: swordfish (Xiphias gladius), frozen, other than fillets",
    "hs_chapter": 3,
    "hs_heading": 304
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 30491,
      "corridor_rank": 1,
      "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
      "importer_iso3": "ITA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11049424.231542263,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 7035097.554842992,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13864169.15908184,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 12863907.498892376,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12929439.280693432,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.240798551656098,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.226429386471296,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.1739869506513623,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 15672586.436068341,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11772433.912918476,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.4147855023074603,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -29.6047,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.7439,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 93.8584519843189,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.14152389118227404,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 93.8584519843189,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 13,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 8824.57,
      "distance_km": 1366.760498046875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.6880524960576588,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 36.8724174413635,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "ESP",
    "hs_code": 30491,
    "num_markets": 39,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NZL",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 24791.666666666668,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 919.1618861060584,
    "median_price_across_markets": 9256.872654874034,
    "price_spread_pct": 257.88952349896465,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 77.50458490566037,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 74336132
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 5749572.382502328,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.549159389858272
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 8169889.325006907,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.09559914177842
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 9886008.299859354,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.00541276121873
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 10614943.855269361,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.373406265705618
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 10751917.334572783,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.2903834553531481
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 12270997.639589984,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.128459676048658
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 13278861.482624961,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.213381443276466
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 16318732.450379042,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.892557255241133
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 15447144.771159053,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.341025608883884
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 14683587.14049294,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.943034081558751
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 12908198.650978794,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.090972543202033
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 13381498.567377178,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6666612375266987
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 19340606.504139837,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 44.53244086794881
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 19068852.470742073,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.4050957157915152
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 13670096.573282469,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.311907629172133
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "ESP",
    "exports_usd": 389951601153.8226,
    "imports_usd": 440055603176.9493,
    "trade_balance_usd": -50104002023.12671,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -3.8987656816749983,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.8348334157975543,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.5602192255318448,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9666580306946244,
    "export_partner_hhi": 604.5825828475407,
    "export_product_hhi": 52.5584557740159,
    "momentum_score": -2.2610702095129454,
    "risk_score": 3.285705193107783,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1725671.6527421873,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 35326.76830692781,
    "population": 48848840,
    "labor_force": 22392.15,
    "investment_rate_pct": 24.25,
    "savings_rate_pct": 21.99,
    "secondary_education_pct": 88.05,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 30.02,
    "total_factor_productivity": 1788.25,
    "trade_openness_pct": 51.047299403937664,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 23.9828956101581,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 108,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 5,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 24,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6746.572016460906,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 40,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 8.88888888888889,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.8518518518518516,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12805616369601883,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13052375531925525,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02478492349129115,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.1057388318279641,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6704.091347253092,
    "num_border_partners": 75,
    "num_colonial_partners": 605,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.891699057348575,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.94907407407408,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.662037037037037,
    "real_market_potential": 214756.4728280517,
    "foreign_market_potential": 15747.12902462019
  }
}