{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/860290",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860290",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/860290",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 112,
    "current_lane_count": 22,
    "active_market_count": 22,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 120241558.17936917,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 76670094.80315493,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 67228145.29546468,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 53682838.180542625,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 49678646.61900081,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.319369141198091,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 27.903091971727957,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -1.756009696808536,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 137725212.35266653,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 696655447.3123841,
    "historical_peak_year": 2004,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 16.07537883800663,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SVK",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 69595894.84104156,
    "top_market_share_pct": 57.880067336804274,
    "destination_hhi": 3464.6266227681044,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 91.34550986478197,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 14.470479258753603,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.4325765153651102,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 87.65052306655113,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 47.32142857142857,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 91,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:35",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8602,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 2,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "SVK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 12,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 69595894.84104156,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11960621.121496312,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45020148.48703635,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35678248.751070715,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28598139.758463204,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 108.73366137827017,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 201.85638305905505,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 67.91610744364114,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 69595894.84104156,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 70077184.89745253,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.54545454545455,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 40.81755393462903,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 85.7976,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14948.8656,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 99.31320007058608,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.7093550665692305,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 99.31320007058608,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 3,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9863.58,
        "distance_km": 817.4212036132812,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022876280297619046,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.022876280297619046,
        "volatility_cv": 1.76633872865267,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.91192720406953,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 22,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 716019.6295208222,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1444263.473235121,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 865225.79787901,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 933989.0513883161,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1104357.78498604,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.304166642975417,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -13.188929162625884,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.675320846895549,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4082860.049238456,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.38095238095238,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.979487489870966,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 6.975228782935227,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7378123854851069,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 4,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
        "distance_km": 7785.341796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29912295578395065,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8118586132312294,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.74073285167091,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Slowing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "num_markets": 49,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ESP",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1059166.6666666667,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 232.8042328042328,
      "median_price_across_markets": 13184.405841482989,
      "price_spread_pct": 8031.714702698752,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 145.4366695652174,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 349034486
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 100553052.62556528,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.018609507512384
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 64187403.668098085,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -36.16563396924794
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 110840245.90486786,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 72.68223914773608
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 100855616.43751976,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.008126412781259
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 91530548.42680663,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -9.245958073628975
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 45398032.490235895,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.40122312111032
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 79775290.7086937,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 75.72411475288403
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 46165816.01315912,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -42.13018140950743
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 34634540.754945084,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.977951770477002
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 22398595.320261136,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -35.328735903440304
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 15412130.740983533,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.19153000169544
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 51317624.27533556,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 232.96904326715241
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 77477034.69491845,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 50.97548997831475
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 47537306.38832066,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -38.64335854423385
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 76670094.80315492,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 61.28405378473827
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
      "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
      "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
      "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
      "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
      "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
      "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
      "population": 83516593,
      "labor_force": 43123.3,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
      "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
      "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 214,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
      "num_border_partners": 360,
      "num_colonial_partners": 384,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
      "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
      "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 2,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SVK",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 12,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 69595894.84104156,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11960621.121496312,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 45020148.48703635,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35678248.751070715,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28598139.758463204,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 108.73366137827017,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 201.85638305905505,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 67.91610744364114,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 69595894.84104156,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 70077184.89745253,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 54.54545454545455,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 40.81755393462903,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 85.7976,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14948.8656,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 99.31320007058608,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.7093550665692305,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 99.31320007058608,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 3,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9863.58,
      "distance_km": 817.4212036132812,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.022876280297619046,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.022876280297619046,
      "volatility_cv": 1.76633872865267,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 98.91192720406953,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 18,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 22,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 716019.6295208222,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1444263.473235121,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 865225.79787901,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 933989.0513883161,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1104357.78498604,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -19.304166642975417,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -13.188929162625884,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 6.675320846895549,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 4082860.049238456,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.38095238095238,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -25.979487489870966,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 6.975228782935227,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.7378123854851069,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 4,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
      "distance_km": 7785.341796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.29912295578395065,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.8118586132312294,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.74073285167091,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
      "signal_flag": "Slowing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": 860290,
    "num_markets": 49,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ESP",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1059166.6666666667,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 232.8042328042328,
    "median_price_across_markets": 13184.405841482989,
    "price_spread_pct": 8031.714702698752,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 145.4366695652174,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 349034486
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 100553052.62556528,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -25.018609507512384
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 64187403.668098085,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -36.16563396924794
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 110840245.90486786,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 72.68223914773608
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 100855616.43751976,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.008126412781259
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 91530548.42680663,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.245958073628975
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 45398032.490235895,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.40122312111032
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 79775290.7086937,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 75.72411475288403
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 46165816.01315912,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.13018140950743
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 34634540.754945084,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.977951770477002
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 22398595.320261136,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -35.328735903440304
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 15412130.740983533,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.19153000169544
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 51317624.27533556,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 232.96904326715241
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 77477034.69491845,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 50.97548997831475
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 47537306.38832066,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -38.64335854423385
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 76670094.80315492,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 61.28405378473827
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "DEU",
    "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
    "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
    "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
    "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
    "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
    "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
    "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
    "population": 83516593,
    "labor_force": 43123.3,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
    "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
    "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 214,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
    "num_border_partners": 360,
    "num_colonial_partners": 384,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
    "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
    "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
  }
}