# Germany HS 844331 exports | Yugalinks

Explore reported HS 844331 exports from Germany: destinations, growth, concentration, prices, and history.

## Exporter position

| Measure | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Exporter | Germany |
| HS6 | 844331 |
| Latest exports | $693.0M |
| Active destinations | 135 |
| Three-year growth | -15.6% |
| Destination HHI | 668 |
| Weighted share | 20.7% |

## Destination markets

- Italy: $117.7M; share 31.2%; growth -5.6%
- Netherlands: $72.1M; share 5.4%; growth -1.7%
- France: $64.5M; share 10%; growth -34.2%
- Austria: $42.8M; share 49%; growth +3.9%
- Spain: $36.0M; share 13.7%; growth -3%
- Poland: $30.8M; share 14.6%; growth -16.5%

## Price intelligence

- Highest reported market price: Argentina at $2.6M / ton.
- Lowest reported market price: Zimbabwe at $84.2 / ton.
- Median reported price: $19.5K / ton.
- Price spread: 13,265.8%.

## Export history

- 2010: $1.2B
- 2011: $1.5B
- 2012: $1.3B
- 2013: $1.3B
- 2014: $1.2B
- 2015: $961.8M
- 2016: $926.4M
- 2017: $896.0M
- 2018: $1.1B
- 2019: $1.0B
- 2020: $1.0B
- 2021: $1.2B
- 2022: $1.0B
- 2023: $948.2M
- 2024: $692.7M

## Methods

Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.

Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed.

## Complete structured values

```json
{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/844331",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844331",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/844331",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844331",
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 189,
    "current_lane_count": 135,
    "active_market_count": 135,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 692997991.3548685,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 692699099.9152324,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 887553704.7660633,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 972791770.7274086,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 975820098.1423397,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -15.624377460697392,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -7.493222793921661,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -5.447026616801254,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 649786245.0109062,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 1858119684.6815681,
    "historical_peak_year": 2011,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 41.37931034482759,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -10.17735084389614,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "ITA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 117673115.80229303,
    "top_market_share_pct": 16.980296807532202,
    "destination_hhi": 668.417433574039,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 20.686776960067697,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -3.1397576913250465,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.9207967879780681,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 96.47839871504772,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 11.11111111111111,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:35",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844331,
      "hs_description": "Printing, copying, and facsimile machines: machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8443,
      "substitution_elasticity": -3.7854791,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Printing, copying, and facsimile machines: machines which perform two or more of the functions of printing, copying or facsimile transmission, capable of connecting to an automatic data processing machine or to a network",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8443,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844331,
        "corridor_rank": 29,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 117673115.80229303,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 75077645.26427145,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 130354767.54118209,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 131015392.04845396,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 125113133.75030741,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -5.638593488912791,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -2.753511443387635,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.9456551069474073,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 150060611.24733216,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 377290287.11780447,
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        "trend_acceleration_pct": -4.692938381965384,
        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.2373,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 42.9425,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 31.18901276288381,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.753442058034107,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 39.78658291933455,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NLD",
        "supplier_count_latest": 51,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2709.11,
        "distance_km": 1146.023193359375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7852034646270784,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.73240472456648,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
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        "corridor_rank": 48,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
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        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 47788975.309172936,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 68630280.89652412,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 69739265.02444156,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 76195395.44891658,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.7028485753562084,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.3820731287515597,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.881725436208249,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 136013414.2055368,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 1331680202.9746876,
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        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1.1788768608520406,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -5.6878,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 107.089,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 48.2759,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 5.412263183941252,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6055064643814685,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 28.298952833310416,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 65,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2184.65,
        "distance_km": 173.52386474609375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8360794545516552,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.9243216633311,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
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        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
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        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 64477808.10714555,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 79413487.83227393,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 172243261.88414124,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 194152741.33140475,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 138512887.7211567,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -34.22990564324127,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -6.733771994699089,
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        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 229394006.74732593,
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        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
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        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.41945710618628,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 57,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1867.76,
        "distance_km": 439.8984375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9657250632771676,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 98.87984292114913,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "AUT",
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        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 17494977.73157689,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 42737525.088243045,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 40422385.11119994,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 28138214.385469973,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.9414402125898196,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.750422225563906,
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        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 50,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2846.3,
        "distance_km": 763.7313842773438,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
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        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
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        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
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        "corridor_rank": 90,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "ESP",
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        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 35951541.288035125,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 22182724.248841994,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 36713334.70537087,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 35846446.02969283,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 35936751.1414572,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -3.0088993781882234,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -0.44819160335777264,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -2.021352059085657,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 44096395.677953444,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 262371788.22271335,
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        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
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        "trend_label": "Declining",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -2.2728,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 47.9088,
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        "market_share_latest_pct": 13.70251791610986,
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        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.669436595703733,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 54,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1787.9,
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        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.8037199656048274,
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        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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        "corridor_rank": 98,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "POL",
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        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 30809995.63195366,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 20902991.615401212,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 38748169.077770084,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 44344163.251244485,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 40470633.04259144,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -16.474512128504237,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -11.02033277442841,
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        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 55237975.20245236,
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        "peer_best_share_pct": 26.01298199957867,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
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        "buyer_market_hhi": 1383.17,
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        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.08091394394890945,
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        "volatility_cv": 0.9076491061504797,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 96.62116292741558,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
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    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": 844331,
      "num_markets": 168,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "ARG",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 2586100,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "ZWE",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 84.21615837346174,
      "median_price_across_markets": 19493.816254416965,
      "price_spread_pct": 13265.82619888848,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 460.3020113636363,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 5367747273
    },
    "history": [
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        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1154940991.699402,
        "active_destinations": 133,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 29.767372545989396
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      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1475250186.9114046,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.733814758855647
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      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1320655783.400618,
        "active_destinations": 139,
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      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1285754392.0173812,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.642731877746953
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      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1212809856.7079945,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.673286886069657
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      {
        "year": 2015,
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        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -20.69396706580075
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      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 926429017.8485447,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -3.680724825169066
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      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 896041667.6980318,
        "active_destinations": 154,
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      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1087408152.2547865,
        "active_destinations": 147,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.35687339723644
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      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1022531905.5949377,
        "active_destinations": 140,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.966135762852724
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1048126896.9236689,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5030995305558994
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1153170842.4151833,
        "active_destinations": 144,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 10.022063721466008
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      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1021726000.030941,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.39855757269636
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 948236014.3520167,
        "active_destinations": 146,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.192729330241064
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 692699099.9152324,
        "active_destinations": 135,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -26.94866157466157
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    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
      "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
      "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
      "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
      "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
      "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
      "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
      "population": 83516593,
      "labor_force": 43123.3,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
      "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
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}
```