{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/844090",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/844090",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/844090",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 179,
    "current_lane_count": 122,
    "active_market_count": 122,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 50931936.73444146,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 50694699.72100235,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 54263217.001561485,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 56154916.30635853,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 58655402.75448235,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -8.823581962158144,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -5.708556649696073,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -3.164976246978546,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 71013770.70588782,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 171627711.72931695,
    "historical_peak_year": 2007,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.658605715179599,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "USA",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 7695236.7522275485,
    "top_market_share_pct": 15.108863407944655,
    "destination_hhi": 625.4281215997182,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 40.36891472482809,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -0.03026168648504487,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.4780031910085059,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 72.87709805835877,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 14.525139664804469,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:35",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
      "hs_chapter": 84,
      "hs_heading": 8440,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 844090,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7695236.7522275485,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13881563.305784494,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8020275.811700429,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7705564.87841328,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8338028.33825406,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.3704935565681975,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.114429768698424,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.465475866096835,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28013526.75079182,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 52581416.080425136,
        "historical_peak_year": 2006,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.0949823095286373,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.4084,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0975,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.6348982698705,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4164773270541211,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 25.78299030154477,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 41,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1446.92,
        "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.38476106358172635,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 76.98791125382137,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 844090,
        "corridor_rank": 6,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5499927.685676188,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5823114.7772121625,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5226571.956505082,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4730456.536515181,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4639076.928857406,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.336129752481904,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.715211226796632,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.7816631509508287,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8176423.327662265,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13986588.061210545,
        "historical_peak_year": 2013,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.554466601531075,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2566,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7277,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 39.32286889130104,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.099773541665655,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 39.32286889130105,
        "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
        "supplier_count_latest": 39,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2599.42,
        "distance_km": 439.8984375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.2269283462434536,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 53.55697268165095,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "num_markets": 147,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BDI",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6252000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GEO",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1359.6875,
      "median_price_across_markets": 145583.27932598835,
      "price_spread_pct": 4293.51525905914,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.8389610389610365,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 293544257
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 78498167.22492683,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 9.23249918477561
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 88453277.00548026,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.681964601833684
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 79173543.81830953,
        "active_destinations": 130,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.491112937054654
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 74695314.59253861,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6562192492579735
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 69925876.80897306,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.3851900344522745
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 56415577.3525064,
        "active_destinations": 132,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.320886734641537
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 57835011.49515808,
        "active_destinations": 134,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5160322897743335
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 60433687.48490089,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.493257496733403
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 63080728.12430105,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.3800746728577735
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 68014441.55616437,
        "active_destinations": 131,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.821268996992862
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 51102049.018168114,
        "active_destinations": 127,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -24.865884584276838
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 66882881.5089401,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.88101709025696
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 55646911.75144007,
        "active_destinations": 123,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.799470214210405
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 56448039.532241985,
        "active_destinations": 124,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4396626076579757
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 50694699.72100237,
        "active_destinations": 122,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -10.192275690909378
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
      "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
      "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
      "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
      "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
      "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
      "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
      "population": 83516593,
      "labor_force": 43123.3,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
      "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
      "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 214,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
      "num_border_partners": 360,
      "num_colonial_partners": 384,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
      "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
      "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "844090",
    "hs_description": "Book-binding machinery: including book-sewing machines, parts thereof",
    "hs_chapter": 84,
    "hs_heading": 8440
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 7695236.7522275485,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 13881563.305784494,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8020275.811700429,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7705564.87841328,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 8338028.33825406,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.3704935565681975,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -4.114429768698424,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -4.465475866096835,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 28013526.75079182,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 52581416.080425136,
      "historical_peak_year": 2006,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 37.93103448275862,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.0949823095286373,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -1.4084,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.0975,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 14.6348982698705,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.4164773270541211,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 25.78299030154477,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 41,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1446.92,
      "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.38476106358172635,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 76.98791125382137,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 844090,
      "corridor_rank": 6,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "FRA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5499927.685676188,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 5823114.7772121625,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 5226571.956505082,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4730456.536515181,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 4639076.928857406,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 10.336129752481904,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 2.715211226796632,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.7816631509508287,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8176423.327662265,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13986588.061210545,
      "historical_peak_year": 2013,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 9.554466601531075,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -7.2566,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.7277,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 39.32286889130104,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.099773541665655,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 39.32286889130105,
      "peer_top_exporter": "DEU",
      "supplier_count_latest": 39,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2599.42,
      "distance_km": 439.8984375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0.2269283462434536,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 53.55697268165095,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Stable",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": 844090,
    "num_markets": 147,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BDI",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 6252000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "GEO",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 1359.6875,
    "median_price_across_markets": 145583.27932598835,
    "price_spread_pct": 4293.51525905914,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 6.8389610389610365,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 293544257
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 78498167.22492683,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.23249918477561
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 88453277.00548026,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.681964601833684
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 79173543.81830953,
      "active_destinations": 130,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.491112937054654
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 74695314.59253861,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.6562192492579735
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 69925876.80897306,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.3851900344522745
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 56415577.3525064,
      "active_destinations": 132,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.320886734641537
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 57835011.49515808,
      "active_destinations": 134,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.5160322897743335
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 60433687.48490089,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.493257496733403
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 63080728.12430105,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.3800746728577735
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 68014441.55616437,
      "active_destinations": 131,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.821268996992862
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 51102049.018168114,
      "active_destinations": 127,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.865884584276838
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 66882881.5089401,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 30.88101709025696
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 55646911.75144007,
      "active_destinations": 123,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.799470214210405
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 56448039.532241985,
      "active_destinations": 124,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.4396626076579757
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 50694699.72100237,
      "active_destinations": 122,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -10.192275690909378
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "DEU",
    "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
    "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
    "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
    "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
    "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
    "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
    "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
    "population": 83516593,
    "labor_force": 43123.3,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
    "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
    "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 214,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
    "num_border_partners": 360,
    "num_colonial_partners": 384,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
    "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
    "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
  }
}