{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/731813",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731813",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/731813",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731813",
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 182,
    "current_lane_count": 142,
    "active_market_count": 142,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 38555285.06196139,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 38513492.02574555,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 40133255.316535704,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 41049778.81143999,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 36683548.981212966,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -6.095703893102233,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -1.2567980776303833,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.324538799970278,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 23685954.458369583,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 60282973.99177857,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 72.41379310344827,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.420242693072511,
    "trend_label": "Declining",
    "top_market_iso3": "CHN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 3279528.0847152458,
    "top_market_share_pct": 8.506040298871568,
    "destination_hhi": 479.2231090936451,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 38.28157487299756,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": -1.2310777806531847,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.6935020056997973,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 58.086067681679076,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 7.6923076923076925,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:35",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731813,
      "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screw hooks and screw rings",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7318,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.6378388,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "Two-way vertical trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screw hooks and screw rings",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731813,
        "corridor_rank": 4,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2762604.2331718192,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1070254.7034427144,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2668859.5008191676,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2579094.9611977087,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2011982.364052824,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.10223131743165581,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.056308355308858,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.926060816369574,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3093469.8788042516,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17294082.670898262,
        "historical_peak_year": 2023,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.02829213380123,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.8884,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2087,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 15.974274471467693,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.039710422624944,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 45.63329083409005,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 50,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2554.52,
        "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7845293468790159,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.68607781039192,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": 731813,
      "num_markets": 160,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MAC",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1985500,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CMR",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 88.49789915966387,
      "median_price_across_markets": 13333.333333333332,
      "price_spread_pct": 14890.586265756305,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.905890909090907,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 175272402
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 20923790.189365283,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 7.947280666324281
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 23749373.650080647,
        "active_destinations": 137,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.50416647817227
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 24172260.77974188,
        "active_destinations": 148,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7806243477911519
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 27094110.094234493,
        "active_destinations": 154,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.08761290934498
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 27770144.756357323,
        "active_destinations": 156,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2.4951351410751372
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 24611632.89765724,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.373768075072833
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 26203318.4575962,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.467208277312111
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 30699771.327287767,
        "active_destinations": 141,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.159860408398263
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 39044201.6630878,
        "active_destinations": 138,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 27.180757298941217
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 41027671.40930069,
        "active_destinations": 145,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 5.080062241580047
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 38338038.57276553,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.5556555957144615
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 46511089.534827344,
        "active_destinations": 136,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.31838577643814
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 40864522.95070457,
        "active_destinations": 139,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -12.140258679372899
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 41021750.973156966,
        "active_destinations": 143,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3847543323632224
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 38513492.025745556,
        "active_destinations": 142,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.114460957682468
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
      "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
      "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
      "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
      "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
      "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
      "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
      "population": 83516593,
      "labor_force": 43123.3,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
      "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
      "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 214,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
      "num_border_partners": 360,
      "num_colonial_partners": 384,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
      "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
      "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731813",
    "hs_description": "Iron or steel: threaded screw hooks and screw rings",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7318
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731813,
      "corridor_rank": 4,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2762604.2331718192,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1070254.7034427144,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 2668859.5008191676,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 2579094.9611977087,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2011982.364052824,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.10223131743165581,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 5.056308355308858,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.926060816369574,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3093469.8788042516,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17294082.670898262,
      "historical_peak_year": 2023,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.06896551724138,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -9.02829213380123,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.8884,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 5.2087,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 15.974274471467693,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -4.039710422624944,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 45.63329083409005,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 50,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2554.52,
      "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7845293468790159,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.68607781039192,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": 731813,
    "num_markets": 160,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "MAC",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1985500,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CMR",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 88.49789915966387,
    "median_price_across_markets": 13333.333333333332,
    "price_spread_pct": 14890.586265756305,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 31.905890909090907,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 175272402
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 20923790.189365283,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 7.947280666324281
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 23749373.650080647,
      "active_destinations": 137,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.50416647817227
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 24172260.77974188,
      "active_destinations": 148,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1.7806243477911519
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 27094110.094234493,
      "active_destinations": 154,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.08761290934498
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 27770144.756357323,
      "active_destinations": 156,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2.4951351410751372
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 24611632.89765724,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.373768075072833
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 26203318.4575962,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.467208277312111
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 30699771.327287767,
      "active_destinations": 141,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.159860408398263
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 39044201.6630878,
      "active_destinations": 138,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.180757298941217
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 41027671.40930069,
      "active_destinations": 145,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 5.080062241580047
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 38338038.57276553,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.5556555957144615
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 46511089.534827344,
      "active_destinations": 136,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.31838577643814
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 40864522.95070457,
      "active_destinations": 139,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -12.140258679372899
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 41021750.973156966,
      "active_destinations": 143,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.3847543323632224
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 38513492.025745556,
      "active_destinations": 142,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.114460957682468
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "DEU",
    "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
    "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
    "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
    "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
    "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
    "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
    "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
    "population": 83516593,
    "labor_force": 43123.3,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
    "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
    "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 214,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
    "num_border_partners": 360,
    "num_colonial_partners": 384,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
    "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
    "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
  }
}