{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/282540",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/282540",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/deu/282540",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 85,
    "current_lane_count": 38,
    "active_market_count": 38,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 3889111.450525403,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 3389785.038882593,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1788207.0478669947,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1451590.308014153,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1201679.3686590963,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 51.942528047093276,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 33.839595503591724,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.204552719004937,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 2285958.0049333014,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 13400450.303720705,
    "historical_peak_year": 2006,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 38.73797532808834,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "SGP",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2711747.197981835,
    "top_market_share_pct": 69.72665176811759,
    "destination_hhi": 5014.899890685492,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 10.293420168029717,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.1833244787343515,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 2.0388370539646314,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 97.37534702515413,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 35.294117647058826,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 99,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:35",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
      "hs_chapter": 28,
      "hs_heading": 2825,
      "substitution_elasticity": -29.050322,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 14,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "SGP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 27,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2711747.197981835,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 228276.33645706845,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 977205.5550270854,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 587132.7853411962,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 304107.2213282297,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1242.388681990419,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 338.53434899029253,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 91.95502146443384,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2711747.197981835,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 1150.433660525985,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 11.183367836794698,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 8.039715664421879,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
        "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
        "distance_km": 10380.26953125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035057953592263374,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 2.4817737573934235,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99318936676254,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 282540,
        "corridor_rank": 39,
        "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 116826.29487671668,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 202095.86498367085,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 216802.16817484915,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 202867.27839534907,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 245402.24343046904,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.860028023360012,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -13.47406056738617,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.30959795438576,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 625893.1066137664,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38364229.5114566,
        "historical_peak_year": 2007,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.550430068974253,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.3706,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.0148,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.30451880922521624,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.14570497445895142,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 79.52292104071277,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 6403.76,
        "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7828503242951165,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 88.93392827659632,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "num_markets": 43,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1108333.3333333333,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "THA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 412.37113402061857,
      "median_price_across_markets": 34521.739130434784,
      "price_spread_pct": 3209.3428376050615,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.6305399999999999,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 4511511
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1740128.8170178887,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 53.76848335597728
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1412194.606793591,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.84539851401854
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1586168.3979436273,
        "active_destinations": 43,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 12.319392122948718
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1055860.5576201116,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.433262257086206
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 980693.3432529831,
        "active_destinations": 42,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -7.119047475033441
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 589444.9263564431,
        "active_destinations": 40,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -39.895082350488856
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 968276.6365531994,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 64.26922910990892
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 819375.218568949,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.377983146872031
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1592432.6816355942,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 94.34718619105928
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 789312.683406012,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -50.4335289956932
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 926981.1450448539,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.441562074586233
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 966349.2514249262,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 4.24691554844596
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 922258.7816977536,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.562581247117356
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1052577.323020637,
        "active_destinations": 33,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.130366000200578
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 3389785.0388825936,
        "active_destinations": 38,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 222.04617796199022
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "DEU",
      "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
      "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
      "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
      "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
      "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
      "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
      "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
      "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
      "population": 83516593,
      "labor_force": 43123.3,
      "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
      "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
      "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
      "num_active_partners": 1080,
      "num_fta_partners": 214,
      "num_wto_partners": 676,
      "num_eu_partners": 112,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
      "num_border_partners": 360,
      "num_colonial_partners": 384,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
      "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
      "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "282540",
    "hs_description": "Nickel oxides and hydroxides",
    "hs_chapter": 28,
    "hs_heading": 2825
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 14,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "SGP",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 27,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2711747.197981835,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 228276.33645706845,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 977205.5550270854,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 587132.7853411962,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 304107.2213282297,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1242.388681990419,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 338.53434899029253,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 91.95502146443384,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2711747.197981835,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 24248037.242053714,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 53.84615384615385,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 1150.433660525985,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 249.1751,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 188.0897,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 11.183367836794698,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 8.039715664421879,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 47.38637461135083,
      "peer_top_exporter": "USA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3066.07,
      "distance_km": 10380.26953125,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0035057953592263374,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 2.4817737573934235,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.99318936676254,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 282540,
      "corridor_rank": 39,
      "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 116826.29487671668,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 202095.86498367085,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 216802.16817484915,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 202867.27839534907,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 245402.24343046904,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -20.860028023360012,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -13.47406056738617,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -7.30959795438576,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 625893.1066137664,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 38364229.5114566,
      "historical_peak_year": 2007,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.827586206896555,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -13.550430068974253,
      "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -32.3706,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.0148,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.30451880922521624,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.14570497445895142,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 79.52292104071277,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 22,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 6403.76,
      "distance_km": 6035.33447265625,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04660416541625514,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7828503242951165,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 88.93392827659632,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "DEU",
    "hs_code": 282540,
    "num_markets": 43,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "SAU",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 1108333.3333333333,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "THA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 412.37113402061857,
    "median_price_across_markets": 34521.739130434784,
    "price_spread_pct": 3209.3428376050615,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 1.6305399999999999,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 4511511
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1740128.8170178887,
      "active_destinations": 41,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.76848335597728
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1412194.606793591,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.84539851401854
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1586168.3979436273,
      "active_destinations": 43,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 12.319392122948718
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1055860.5576201116,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.433262257086206
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 980693.3432529831,
      "active_destinations": 42,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.119047475033441
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 589444.9263564431,
      "active_destinations": 40,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.895082350488856
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 968276.6365531994,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.26922910990892
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 819375.218568949,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.377983146872031
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1592432.6816355942,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 94.34718619105928
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 789312.683406012,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -50.4335289956932
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 926981.1450448539,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.441562074586233
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 966349.2514249262,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.24691554844596
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 922258.7816977536,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.562581247117356
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1052577.323020637,
      "active_destinations": 33,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.130366000200578
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 3389785.0388825936,
      "active_destinations": 38,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 222.04617796199022
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "DEU",
    "exports_usd": 1556773836581.939,
    "imports_usd": 1317565125540.067,
    "trade_balance_usd": 239208711041.87207,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -4.920181070331687,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -5.864236583999549,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.27823928798644815,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.9610037823739925,
    "export_partner_hhi": 438.209471440054,
    "export_product_hhi": 54.022047395285114,
    "momentum_score": -3.527598535628115,
    "risk_score": 2.4611575941766954,
    "gdp_million_usd": 4685592.5778046865,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 56103.73231825545,
    "population": 83516593,
    "labor_force": 43123.3,
    "investment_rate_pct": 22.08,
    "savings_rate_pct": 27.68,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.9,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 20.06,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2376,
    "trade_openness_pct": 64.10501996682734,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 34.71998925424008,
    "num_active_partners": 1080,
    "num_fta_partners": 214,
    "num_wto_partners": 676,
    "num_eu_partners": 112,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 8,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6605.880658436214,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212737,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 19.814814814814817,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 0.7407407407407408,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.6666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12742739700531733,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.12991419306435142,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.024712068784908343,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10520212427944309,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6614.911529962142,
    "num_border_partners": 360,
    "num_colonial_partners": 384,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.91665015154679,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.04527604527604,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.6565026565026564,
    "real_market_potential": 2800764.90471021,
    "foreign_market_potential": 32561.235292050776
  }
}