{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/860290",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/860290",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/860290",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 114,
    "current_lane_count": 36,
    "active_market_count": 36,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 219773391.71489674,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 13073736.796252951,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 21704567.67544319,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 47800985.889365196,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 29608705.84479332,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -42.954852608911565,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 14.430623452246994,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -0.45898296742101774,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 202977258.01677138,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 414749856.92546505,
    "historical_peak_year": 2020,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -42.49586964149055,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "TUN",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 88048561.28183363,
    "top_market_share_pct": 40.06334005895287,
    "destination_hhi": 2308.905556523351,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 98.47849635033704,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 45.67852507409616,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.5457229375256909,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 39.85448537849207,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 65.78947368421052,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 88,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:28",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
      "hs_chapter": 86,
      "hs_heading": 8602,
      "substitution_elasticity": null,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 85,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2017,
        "lane_data_years": 1,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11948.11158281225,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20370970511283484,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.20370970511283484,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
        "supplier_count_latest": 4,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
        "distance_km": 1163.7071533203125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 860290,
        "corridor_rank": 98,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2014,
        "lane_data_years": 4,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5759.4115779752765,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 137383.36364764423,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 117.28726839913391,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 59.30175785711822,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.214800184890443,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 481624.4378841718,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17488197.32409877,
        "historical_peak_year": 2002,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 91.07246821424346,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 206.7625,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 157.4705,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4472165224241216,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.5048242637917701,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 85.47708582230375,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
        "supplier_count_latest": 12,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 7457.61,
        "distance_km": 7785.341796875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019524322693477366,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04211767652037909,
        "volatility_cv": 1.4571078501550088,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.88343537814225,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Declining",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "num_markets": 64,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 185230.5736610136,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NER",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 74.325,
      "median_price_across_markets": 14136.986301369863,
      "price_spread_pct": 1309.7292783191851,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 165.85113888888887,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 377353076
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1210783.0619603028,
        "active_destinations": 12,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -97.90777356649538
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 30201906.727105968,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2394.41106965999
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 89241369.97324464,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 195.48256929471023
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 948921.4218669622,
        "active_destinations": 15,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.93667990288421
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 13689229.366222821,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1342.6093721532652
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 38294652.89310441,
        "active_destinations": 22,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 179.74294146603816
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1453747.744646685,
        "active_destinations": 18,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -96.20378398857754
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 4056228.248281061,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 179.01871306200215
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 6614214.690792308,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 63.063178054520584
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 6663285.424282743,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7418981055868381
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 103463508.25156821,
        "active_destinations": 13,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 1452.7401523956985
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 70427718.16892819,
        "active_destinations": 25,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.92989551670194
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 48791481.9243501,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -30.721194448869316
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 3248484.3057265272,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -93.34210772535417
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 13073736.796252953,
        "active_destinations": 36,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 302.4565171272698
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "exports_usd": 3513875096250.6953,
      "imports_usd": 2326530665852.976,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1187344430397.7192,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.028060505229971,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -0.25624212571435656,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7568732857454537,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2881082462082083,
      "export_partner_hhi": 370.2915098431424,
      "export_product_hhi": 74.18977427830445,
      "momentum_score": 5.046704339384615,
      "risk_score": 2.2224064206072343,
      "gdp_million_usd": 18743803.170827165,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13303.148154386816,
      "population": 1408975000,
      "labor_force": 787768.5,
      "investment_rate_pct": 44.52,
      "savings_rate_pct": 45.77,
      "secondary_education_pct": 84.78,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 7.94,
      "total_factor_productivity": 753.02,
      "trade_openness_pct": 34.64311858763455,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 20.843002459079447,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 27,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 6,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9546.666666666666,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258194,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 10,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 2.2222222222222223,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 6.666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13181075487172894,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13620738337369717,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.042183361516283865,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0940240218574133,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9199.832160339074,
      "num_border_partners": 405,
      "num_colonial_partners": 20,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.928316418263822,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.01663585951941,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.657116451016636,
      "real_market_potential": 469092.7812321376,
      "foreign_market_potential": 10340.371802435242
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "860290",
    "hs_description": "Rail locomotives and locomotive tenders: other than diesel-electric powered",
    "hs_chapter": 86,
    "hs_heading": 8602
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 85,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "CHN",
      "latest_data_year": 2017,
      "lane_data_years": 1,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": null,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 11948.11158281225,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 10265177.699583868,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": null,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Insufficient history",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -12.3374,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 89.9928,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.20370970511283484,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.20370970511283484,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 73.57864927113798,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CZE",
      "supplier_count_latest": 4,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 5840.23,
      "distance_km": 1163.7071533203125,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
      "volatility_cv": 0,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 860290,
      "corridor_rank": 98,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2014,
      "lane_data_years": 4,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 5759.4115779752765,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 137383.36364764423,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 33673.80650080549,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 117.28726839913391,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 59.30175785711822,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 26.214800184890443,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 481624.4378841718,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 17488197.32409877,
      "historical_peak_year": 2002,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 33.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 91.07246821424346,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 206.7625,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 157.4705,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4472165224241216,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -1.5048242637917701,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 85.47708582230375,
      "peer_top_exporter": "ESP",
      "supplier_count_latest": 12,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 7457.61,
      "distance_km": 7785.341796875,
      "has_reported_fta": 0,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019524322693477366,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.04211767652037909,
      "volatility_cv": 1.4571078501550088,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.88343537814225,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Declining",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
    "hs_code": 860290,
    "num_markets": 64,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "AGO",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 185230.5736610136,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NER",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 74.325,
    "median_price_across_markets": 14136.986301369863,
    "price_spread_pct": 1309.7292783191851,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 165.85113888888887,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 377353076
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1210783.0619603028,
      "active_destinations": 12,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -97.90777356649538
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 30201906.727105968,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2394.41106965999
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 89241369.97324464,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 195.48256929471023
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 948921.4218669622,
      "active_destinations": 15,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.93667990288421
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 13689229.366222821,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1342.6093721532652
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 38294652.89310441,
      "active_destinations": 22,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 179.74294146603816
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1453747.744646685,
      "active_destinations": 18,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -96.20378398857754
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 4056228.248281061,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 179.01871306200215
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 6614214.690792308,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.063178054520584
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 6663285.424282743,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 0.7418981055868381
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 103463508.25156821,
      "active_destinations": 13,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 1452.7401523956985
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 70427718.16892819,
      "active_destinations": 25,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.92989551670194
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 48791481.9243501,
      "active_destinations": 39,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.721194448869316
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 3248484.3057265272,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -93.34210772535417
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 13073736.796252953,
      "active_destinations": 36,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 302.4565171272698
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "CHN",
    "exports_usd": 3513875096250.6953,
    "imports_usd": 2326530665852.976,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1187344430397.7192,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.028060505229971,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -0.25624212571435656,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7568732857454537,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2881082462082083,
    "export_partner_hhi": 370.2915098431424,
    "export_product_hhi": 74.18977427830445,
    "momentum_score": 5.046704339384615,
    "risk_score": 2.2224064206072343,
    "gdp_million_usd": 18743803.170827165,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13303.148154386816,
    "population": 1408975000,
    "labor_force": 787768.5,
    "investment_rate_pct": 44.52,
    "savings_rate_pct": 45.77,
    "secondary_education_pct": 84.78,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 7.94,
    "total_factor_productivity": 753.02,
    "trade_openness_pct": 34.64311858763455,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 20.843002459079447,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 27,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 6,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9546.666666666666,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258194,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 10,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 2.2222222222222223,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 6.666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13181075487172894,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13620738337369717,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.042183361516283865,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0940240218574133,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9199.832160339074,
    "num_border_partners": 405,
    "num_colonial_partners": 20,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.928316418263822,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.01663585951941,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.657116451016636,
    "real_market_potential": 469092.7812321376,
    "foreign_market_potential": 10340.371802435242
  }
}