{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/411310",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/411310",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/411310",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "411310",
    "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 112,
    "current_lane_count": 45,
    "active_market_count": 45,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 14850772.951251678,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 14661412.968031857,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 13154339.337164422,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 11899454.22524527,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12859756.564383531,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.030447671628842,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.4621982670240286,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.33307282555798956,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 10961716.125470242,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 36854016.28947691,
    "historical_peak_year": 2018,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 51.724137931034484,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 13.697374846070852,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "VNM",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 9195578.944236513,
    "top_market_share_pct": 61.91986756798053,
    "destination_hhi": 4161.9214527669465,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.557917707741556,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 2.8125939070222485,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0363519327031607,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 92.12313421978423,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 43.75,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:28",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 411310,
      "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids",
      "hs_chapter": 41,
      "hs_heading": 4113,
      "substitution_elasticity": -11.476198,
      "price_range_label": null,
      "trade_type_label": null
    },
    "hs_description": "Leather: further prepared after tanning or crusting, including parchment-dressed leather, without hair on, whether or not split, other than leather of heading 41.14, of goats and kids",
    "hs_chapter": 41,
    "hs_heading": 4113,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 3,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "VNM",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 9195578.944236513,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2750946.608771555,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8425250.451489998,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 7366295.758718791,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 6137345.3493376,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 12.221399620051553,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 6.634791616486058,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 18.211437139355912,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 9195578.944236513,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 47227445.30715233,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -5.990037519304359,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 11.6137,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.4407,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 79.3103,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 19.470837104212137,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.7138849273162116,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 33.03848734825581,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 28,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2205.14,
        "distance_km": 2330.799072265625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.1527572807164251,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.13802313660838164,
        "volatility_cv": 1.0882209034438304,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 89.53903663696336,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 18,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "IDN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2190866.359098847,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 540153.7849636573,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1353658.702316181,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1143577.442770342,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 999641.0182376306,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 38.543951263335586,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 25.725618598609845,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.34173261468317,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2190866.359098847,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 11898343.66466786,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 56,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 19.202218648652416,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 61.3851,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9742,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 18.413204567326684,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 6.980595646054487,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 30.50987701005547,
        "peer_top_exporter": "PAK",
        "supplier_count_latest": 22,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2344.72,
        "distance_km": 5220.87939453125,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.16605990710525254,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.12010865914781818,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9407567950777277,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.46799206265933,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 52,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "CHN",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 24,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 241099.1654920441,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 1795644.02967149,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 306700.4093449142,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 618319.0849648133,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1694849.6272853434,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -38.84151393266002,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -37.26508309251161,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -21.521254536212055,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 3477518.038696397,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 21926527.186499458,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 52.17391304347826,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -17.320259396447966,
        "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.3881,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 14.0611,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.0995775274458104,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.014904401858658822,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 34.03035848103278,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 30,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1926.44,
        "distance_km": 1163.7071533203125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0,
        "volatility_cv": 0.6312194395708879,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 93.13684360889833,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 63,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "ITA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 184476.13996327098,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 308425.3333697317,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 79414.9079946668,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 69624.83156367208,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 83533.64555042014,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 49.28964476483066,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 52.43976698873156,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -13.843561690558593,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 852395.9101513089,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12076779.896978553,
        "historical_peak_year": 1997,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 63.13320645538926,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -44.2313,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 1.921,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 1.5275275490399924,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 1.4906840459804678,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 50.317829305391626,
        "peer_top_exporter": "IND",
        "supplier_count_latest": 34,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3455.27,
        "distance_km": 8134.69482421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019785718721303032,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042646584813513605,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7745277582981377,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.06399145870304,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 72,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "ESP",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 26,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 114520.1961293479,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 49843.52386127575,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 46141.40737424847,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 50217.861730349985,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 41983.90481733412,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 69.14366851888518,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 23.44967250027805,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 3.06186336407146,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 298945.60701581923,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15492062.538033241,
        "historical_peak_year": 2010,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 66.08180515481372,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -46.3487,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 0.354,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 44.8276,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.7392185246360781,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.6599977270691157,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 47.50310950498875,
        "peer_top_exporter": "NGA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 21,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3013.56,
        "distance_km": 9232.298828125,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019785718721303032,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042646584813513605,
        "volatility_cv": 1.228759756390715,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.6559037470845,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 411310,
        "corridor_rank": 85,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "FRA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 22,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 67394.3862012094,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 18268.822323985303,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 23587.226053503226,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14451.818128306782,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 14505.219594436223,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 419.6956948651463,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 45.04535810170074,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 13.700428185814072,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 79226.95556854687,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 14754900.779733699,
        "historical_peak_year": 2011,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 47.61904761904762,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 405.99526667933225,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 0.7833,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 2.5264,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.4567593317454064,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.45123679856313026,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.94180439976668,
        "peer_top_exporter": "ITA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 32,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4188.47,
        "distance_km": 8225.232421875,
        "has_reported_fta": 0,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.019785718721303032,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.042646584813513605,
        "volatility_cv": 1.1057771564021592,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.3939570589899,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','long_distance_without_fta']",
        "signal_flag": "Stable",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": 411310,
      "num_markets": 74,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "THA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 167484.71615720523,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "NPL",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 415.2700186219739,
      "median_price_across_markets": 31714.464621164683,
      "price_spread_pct": 526.792579140968,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 10.696395555555553,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 79354460
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 7940186.350461164,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 78.45526376681163
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 10324529.170761868,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 30.02880178199121
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 11863724.716381405,
        "active_destinations": 44,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.908142736216956
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 12297914.291772837,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.6598082454821648
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 14181908.991688585,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 15.319627826452805
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 13454938.178553937,
        "active_destinations": 48,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.126043423072978
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 12661412.3077294,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.897655271945814
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 12693282.149171792,
        "active_destinations": 54,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 0.25170842452493014
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 16655682.378690619,
        "active_destinations": 41,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 31.216514239206166
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 13634979.503463192,
        "active_destinations": 49,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.1361700262256
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 10146141.98401353,
        "active_destinations": 46,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -25.587405676433335
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 9888111.130719565,
        "active_destinations": 39,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.5431425432496746
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 12703303.26977034,
        "active_destinations": 55,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 28.470474308331433
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 12098301.773691066,
        "active_destinations": 47,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.762552567874035
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 14661412.968031857,
        "active_destinations": 45,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 21.185710542569918
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "exports_usd": 3513875096250.6953,
      "imports_usd": 2326530665852.976,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1187344430397.7192,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.028060505229971,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -0.25624212571435656,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7568732857454537,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2881082462082083,
      "export_partner_hhi": 370.2915098431424,
      "export_product_hhi": 74.18977427830445,
      "momentum_score": 5.046704339384615,
      "risk_score": 2.2224064206072343,
      "gdp_million_usd": 18743803.170827165,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13303.148154386816,
      "population": 1408975000,
      "labor_force": 787768.5,
      "investment_rate_pct": 44.52,
      "savings_rate_pct": 45.77,
      "secondary_education_pct": 84.78,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 7.94,
      "total_factor_productivity": 753.02,
      "trade_openness_pct": 34.64311858763455,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 20.843002459079447,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 27,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 6,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9546.666666666666,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258194,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 10,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 2.2222222222222223,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 6.666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13181075487172894,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13620738337369717,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.042183361516283865,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0940240218574133,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9199.832160339074,
      "num_border_partners": 405,
      "num_colonial_partners": 20,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.928316418263822,
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