{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/090411",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090411",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/chn/090411",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "090411",
    "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 187,
    "current_lane_count": 121,
    "active_market_count": 121,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 22407672.921168365,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 21820058.996839844,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 15893972.458029633,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 13785345.916876841,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 12657219.241514472,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 21.013255670587295,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 16.725117845520778,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 8.727155936987607,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 14323161.865841096,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 75103862.94258407,
    "historical_peak_year": 2008,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 12.286099733599688,
    "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
    "top_market_iso3": "PAK",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2443477.053963565,
    "top_market_share_pct": 10.904644416043888,
    "destination_hhi": 567.8744765007233,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 19.334108940582368,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 5.4336151928204695,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.6455552444843562,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 95.04385929399312,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 11.229946524064172,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 100,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:28",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
      "hs_chapter": 9,
      "hs_heading": 904,
      "substitution_elasticity": -5.0587635,
      "price_range_label": "Medium price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 90411,
        "corridor_rank": 88,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "PAK",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2443477.053963565,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 159925.04430247648,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1033919.8914777725,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 626931.9581407658,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 371006.62703383726,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 495.5109345961134,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 112.57031030938309,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 80.5086464741463,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2443477.053963565,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 50393693.74010595,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 415.00228812196707,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 29.979,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.5575,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.848775457034849,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.416406417676092,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 48.488010339014856,
        "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
        "supplier_count_latest": 20,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3414.74,
        "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3924685062080808,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2935273434480607,
        "volatility_cv": 2.9898024170235593,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.04457450455816,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 90411,
        "corridor_rank": 98,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
        "importer_iso3": "AUS",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1952200.9427462332,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 377415.92868008156,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1374626.8355220177,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1225181.4382007592,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 852350.9012914051,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.11385028524546,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.494044990755576,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.674604707442754,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1952200.9427462332,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13107784.423922863,
        "historical_peak_year": 2024,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.560754422197295,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33.6929,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5336,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 14.893447127367262,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.459189629847419,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 46.1316200291671,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 34,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 2748.73,
        "distance_km": 8956.435546875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.059638680392282845,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.023595849959595946,
        "volatility_cv": 1.2108458468092727,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 97.33768465353977,
        "attention_level": "High attention",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "num_markets": 148,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BLR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 200000,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 104.71428571428571,
      "median_price_across_markets": 5166.954971020954,
      "price_spread_pct": 3868.7251357018854,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 29.412801619433203,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 68358835
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 21146396.383978818,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 132.13051708827678
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 23896280.49587911,
        "active_destinations": 101,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.004031807441633
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 15884271.699034879,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -33.52826728923731
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 11280598.621147053,
        "active_destinations": 97,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -28.98258834345891
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 9450953.80864228,
        "active_destinations": 107,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.219394678885656
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 11106308.943409996,
        "active_destinations": 103,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.51521770484163
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 12736328.537367426,
        "active_destinations": 109,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 14.676519465313568
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 10582916.790485818,
        "active_destinations": 119,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -16.907633471951204
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 13149796.226741955,
        "active_destinations": 113,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 24.254933560129615
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 10070112.332755331,
        "active_destinations": 125,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -23.4200123019675
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 8932004.838628696,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -11.301835138667531
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 12312807.371666603,
        "active_destinations": 115,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 37.850433291491036
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 13122850.601983963,
        "active_destinations": 116,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 6.578867076093274
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 12739007.775265107,
        "active_destinations": 118,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -2.924995783010932
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 21820058.996839836,
        "active_destinations": 121,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 71.28538879776094
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHN",
      "exports_usd": 3513875096250.6953,
      "imports_usd": 2326530665852.976,
      "trade_balance_usd": 1187344430397.7192,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.028060505229971,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -0.25624212571435656,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7568732857454537,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2881082462082083,
      "export_partner_hhi": 370.2915098431424,
      "export_product_hhi": 74.18977427830445,
      "momentum_score": 5.046704339384615,
      "risk_score": 2.2224064206072343,
      "gdp_million_usd": 18743803.170827165,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13303.148154386816,
      "population": 1408975000,
      "labor_force": 787768.5,
      "investment_rate_pct": 44.52,
      "savings_rate_pct": 45.77,
      "secondary_education_pct": 84.78,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 7.94,
      "total_factor_productivity": 753.02,
      "trade_openness_pct": 34.64311858763455,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 20.843002459079447,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 27,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 6,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 9546.666666666666,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258194,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 10,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 2.2222222222222223,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 6.666666666666667,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13181075487172894,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13620738337369717,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.042183361516283865,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0940240218574133,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9199.832160339074,
      "num_border_partners": 405,
      "num_colonial_partners": 20,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.928316418263822,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.01663585951941,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.657116451016636,
      "real_market_potential": 469092.7812321376,
      "foreign_market_potential": 10340.371802435242
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "090411",
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), neither crushed nor ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "corridor_rank": 88,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "PAK",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 2443477.053963565,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 159925.04430247648,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1033919.8914777725,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 626931.9581407658,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 371006.62703383726,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 495.5109345961134,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 112.57031030938309,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 80.5086464741463,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 2443477.053963565,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 50393693.74010595,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.333333333333336,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 415.00228812196707,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 29.979,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 16.5575,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 51.7241,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.848775457034849,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 3.416406417676092,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 48.488010339014856,
      "peer_top_exporter": "BRA",
      "supplier_count_latest": 20,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3414.74,
      "distance_km": 3882.87744140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.3924685062080808,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.2935273434480607,
      "volatility_cv": 2.9898024170235593,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.04457450455816,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 90411,
      "corridor_rank": 98,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
      "importer_iso3": "AUS",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1952200.9427462332,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 377415.92868008156,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1374626.8355220177,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1225181.4382007592,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 852350.9012914051,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 17.11385028524546,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 20.494044990755576,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.674604707442754,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1952200.9427462332,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 13107784.423922863,
      "historical_peak_year": 2024,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 68.96551724137932,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -2.560754422197295,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 33.6929,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 6.5336,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 14.893447127367262,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 2.459189629847419,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 46.1316200291671,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 34,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 2748.73,
      "distance_km": 8956.435546875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.059638680392282845,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": -0.023595849959595946,
      "volatility_cv": 1.2108458468092727,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 97.33768465353977,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "CHN",
    "hs_code": 90411,
    "num_markets": 148,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BLR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 200000,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "CIV",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 104.71428571428571,
    "median_price_across_markets": 5166.954971020954,
    "price_spread_pct": 3868.7251357018854,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 29.412801619433203,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 68358835
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 21146396.383978818,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 132.13051708827678
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 23896280.49587911,
      "active_destinations": 101,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.004031807441633
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 15884271.699034879,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -33.52826728923731
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 11280598.621147053,
      "active_destinations": 97,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -28.98258834345891
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 9450953.80864228,
      "active_destinations": 107,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.219394678885656
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 11106308.943409996,
      "active_destinations": 103,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.51521770484163
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 12736328.537367426,
      "active_destinations": 109,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 14.676519465313568
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 10582916.790485818,
      "active_destinations": 119,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -16.907633471951204
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 13149796.226741955,
      "active_destinations": 113,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 24.254933560129615
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 10070112.332755331,
      "active_destinations": 125,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.4200123019675
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 8932004.838628696,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -11.301835138667531
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 12312807.371666603,
      "active_destinations": 115,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.850433291491036
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 13122850.601983963,
      "active_destinations": 116,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 6.578867076093274
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 12739007.775265107,
      "active_destinations": 118,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -2.924995783010932
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 21820058.996839836,
      "active_destinations": 121,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 71.28538879776094
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "CHN",
    "exports_usd": 3513875096250.6953,
    "imports_usd": 2326530665852.976,
    "trade_balance_usd": 1187344430397.7192,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.028060505229971,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -0.25624212571435656,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.7568732857454537,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -1.2881082462082083,
    "export_partner_hhi": 370.2915098431424,
    "export_product_hhi": 74.18977427830445,
    "momentum_score": 5.046704339384615,
    "risk_score": 2.2224064206072343,
    "gdp_million_usd": 18743803.170827165,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 13303.148154386816,
    "population": 1408975000,
    "labor_force": 787768.5,
    "investment_rate_pct": 44.52,
    "savings_rate_pct": 45.77,
    "secondary_education_pct": 84.78,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 7.94,
    "total_factor_productivity": 753.02,
    "trade_openness_pct": 34.64311858763455,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 20.843002459079447,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 27,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 18,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 6,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 9546.666666666666,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258194,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 10,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 2.2222222222222223,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 6.666666666666667,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13181075487172894,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13620738337369717,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.042183361516283865,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.0940240218574133,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 9199.832160339074,
    "num_border_partners": 405,
    "num_colonial_partners": 20,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.928316418263822,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 76.01663585951941,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.657116451016636,
    "real_market_potential": 469092.7812321376,
    "foreign_market_potential": 10340.371802435242
  }
}