{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/che/090412",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/090412",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/che/090412",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 105,
    "current_lane_count": 26,
    "active_market_count": 26,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 2161773.8253112296,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 1978411.408295166,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1878981.4328626574,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 1919488.1720942594,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1839648.0344573515,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -2.5243805492468963,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 1.4741908399121595,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 0.6788361782153807,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 1387863.230103715,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 3787541.4851338174,
    "historical_peak_year": 2021,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 55.172413793103445,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": -3.203216727462277,
    "trend_label": "Stable",
    "top_market_iso3": "DEU",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 1144733.340129044,
    "top_market_share_pct": 52.953427723376066,
    "destination_hhi": 3366.92405191982,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 3.5895620959456975,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 0.24124951790827248,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 0.8615338848265881,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 79.17287065976782,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 55.23809523809524,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 83,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:26",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
      "hs_chapter": 9,
      "hs_heading": 904,
      "substitution_elasticity": -6.5055566,
      "price_range_label": "Low price range",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 90412,
        "corridor_rank": 43,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
        "importer_iso3": "DEU",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 30,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1144733.340129044,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 527683.7849830387,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1022544.2213892788,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 983924.9414250234,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 982657.6298238377,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.175004469597555,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.875623381397153,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.5814174276650883,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1148771.904998187,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27714186.564170618,
        "historical_peak_year": 2018,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.5935870419324667,
        "trend_label": "Growing",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.7888,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.6183,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 4.130495901362572,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.32612415087639857,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 31.31000410745713,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 87,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 1733.34,
        "distance_km": 503.80072021484375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04288606249130865,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.039207988645321615,
        "volatility_cv": 0.7962821620956393,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 83.67116431540722,
        "attention_level": "Stable",
        "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
        "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 90412,
        "corridor_rank": 66,
        "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
        "importer_iso3": "NLD",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 25,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 494770.72020872013,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 172076.5600375721,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 477881.75339878426,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 459434.5657597265,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 319545.4386411402,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9400565235681464,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.480127179048383,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.796955209353023,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 523652.4233676272,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22264199.15213479,
        "historical_peak_year": 2022,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.856898685784877,
        "trend_label": "Stable",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 41.6955,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9234,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 2.222270456834641,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.42031724797018466,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 56.98987650748381,
        "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
        "supplier_count_latest": 70,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 3458.45,
        "distance_km": 628.0250244140625,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.043596585557123244,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03949893585389151,
        "volatility_cv": 0.948356137886258,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 69.04923716936418,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "num_markets": 45,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 164033.33333333334,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TON",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 542.4528301886793,
      "median_price_across_markets": 24033.6919592299,
      "price_spread_pct": 680.2570357500052,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.866304,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 9603086
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 1304882.990670071,
        "active_destinations": 32,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7341714572679523
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 1223799.4787159078,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.213853083679631
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 1968694.1993352592,
        "active_destinations": 35,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 60.86738338873495
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 1861505.4436718242,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -5.4446625433055
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 1848990.7646954292,
        "active_destinations": 31,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6722880676464582
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 1268531.1269952585,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -31.39332271331196
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 1888948.3571185328,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 48.908317416920056
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 1870553.343732536,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9738229908019866
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1932189.178229665,
        "active_destinations": 34,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 3.295058903486793
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 1838817.4780262278,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -4.832430553668008
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 1824362.051500977,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7861262304710697
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 2136134.5103823477,
        "active_destinations": 29,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 17.089396187827017
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 1986827.6303017891,
        "active_destinations": 30,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -6.98958232053627
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 1671705.2599910165,
        "active_destinations": 24,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -15.860579222109328
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 1978411.408295166,
        "active_destinations": 26,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 18.346903347411715
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "CHE",
      "exports_usd": 438456321159.3435,
      "imports_usd": 365609850671.52075,
      "trade_balance_usd": 72846470487.82275,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 4.951051999851752,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.7897505272233993,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.493400348739884,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.483958764795414,
      "export_partner_hhi": 739.0399765500377,
      "export_product_hhi": 812.5454101550475,
      "momentum_score": 4.813756504518192,
      "risk_score": 7.757926933525426,
      "gdp_million_usd": 936564.1980485158,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 103998.18668560409,
      "population": 9005582,
      "labor_force": 5060.18,
      "investment_rate_pct": 25.33,
      "savings_rate_pct": 34.49,
      "secondary_education_pct": 97.36,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 29.6,
      "total_factor_productivity": 3237.7,
      "trade_openness_pct": 92.75407380732481,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 50.578685435179,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 64,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 46,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 6554.325102880658,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 23.703703703703706,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 17.037037037037038,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13401475129748353,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1383255657390921,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.01946130978432196,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11886425595477014,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6549.673840330627,
      "num_border_partners": 115,
      "num_colonial_partners": 0,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.764408926224434,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.82287473360171,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7231825716315416,
      "real_market_potential": 545317.7521001152,
      "foreign_market_potential": 31183.11790280852
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "090412",
    "hs_description": "Spices: pepper (of the genus piper), crushed or ground",
    "hs_chapter": 9,
    "hs_heading": 904
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "corridor_rank": 43,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
      "importer_iso3": "DEU",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 30,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 1144733.340129044,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 527683.7849830387,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1022544.2213892788,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 983924.9414250234,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 982657.6298238377,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 5.175004469597555,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 3.875623381397153,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 1.5814174276650883,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 1148771.904998187,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 27714186.564170618,
      "historical_peak_year": 2018,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 58.62068965517241,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 3.5935870419324667,
      "trend_label": "Growing",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 14.7888,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 17.6183,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 65.5172,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 4.130495901362572,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.32612415087639857,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 31.31000410745713,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 87,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 1733.34,
      "distance_km": 503.80072021484375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.04288606249130865,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.039207988645321615,
      "volatility_cv": 0.7962821620956393,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 83.67116431540722,
      "attention_level": "Stable",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": "[]",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 90412,
      "corridor_rank": 66,
      "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
      "importer_iso3": "NLD",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 25,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 494770.72020872013,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 172076.5600375721,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 477881.75339878426,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 459434.5657597265,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 319545.4386411402,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 2.9400565235681464,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 11.480127179048383,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 11.796955209353023,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 523652.4233676272,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 22264199.15213479,
      "historical_peak_year": 2022,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 62.5,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": -8.856898685784877,
      "trend_label": "Stable",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 41.6955,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 12.9234,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 58.6207,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 2.222270456834641,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.42031724797018466,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 56.98987650748381,
      "peer_top_exporter": "VNM",
      "supplier_count_latest": 70,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 3458.45,
      "distance_km": 628.0250244140625,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.043596585557123244,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03949893585389151,
      "volatility_cv": 0.948356137886258,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 69.04923716936418,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "CHE",
    "hs_code": 90412,
    "num_markets": 45,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "NOR",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 164033.33333333334,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TON",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 542.4528301886793,
    "median_price_across_markets": 24033.6919592299,
    "price_spread_pct": 680.2570357500052,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 3.866304,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 9603086
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 1304882.990670071,
      "active_destinations": 32,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -1.7341714572679523
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 1223799.4787159078,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.213853083679631
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 1968694.1993352592,
      "active_destinations": 35,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 60.86738338873495
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 1861505.4436718242,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -5.4446625433055
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 1848990.7646954292,
      "active_destinations": 31,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.6722880676464582
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 1268531.1269952585,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -31.39332271331196
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 1888948.3571185328,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 48.908317416920056
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 1870553.343732536,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.9738229908019866
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1932189.178229665,
      "active_destinations": 34,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.295058903486793
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 1838817.4780262278,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -4.832430553668008
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 1824362.051500977,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -0.7861262304710697
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 2136134.5103823477,
      "active_destinations": 29,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 17.089396187827017
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 1986827.6303017891,
      "active_destinations": 30,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.98958232053627
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 1671705.2599910165,
      "active_destinations": 24,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -15.860579222109328
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 1978411.408295166,
      "active_destinations": 26,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 18.346903347411715
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "CHE",
    "exports_usd": 438456321159.3435,
    "imports_usd": 365609850671.52075,
    "trade_balance_usd": 72846470487.82275,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 4.951051999851752,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -1.7897505272233993,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.493400348739884,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.483958764795414,
    "export_partner_hhi": 739.0399765500377,
    "export_product_hhi": 812.5454101550475,
    "momentum_score": 4.813756504518192,
    "risk_score": 7.757926933525426,
    "gdp_million_usd": 936564.1980485158,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 103998.18668560409,
    "population": 9005582,
    "labor_force": 5060.18,
    "investment_rate_pct": 25.33,
    "savings_rate_pct": 34.49,
    "secondary_education_pct": 97.36,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 29.6,
    "total_factor_productivity": 3237.7,
    "trade_openness_pct": 92.75407380732481,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 50.578685435179,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 64,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 6,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 46,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 6554.325102880658,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 23.703703703703706,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 17.037037037037038,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.2222222222222223,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13401475129748353,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.1383255657390921,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.01946130978432196,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11886425595477014,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6549.673840330627,
    "num_border_partners": 115,
    "num_colonial_partners": 0,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.764408926224434,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.82287473360171,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7231825716315416,
    "real_market_potential": 545317.7521001152,
    "foreign_market_potential": 31183.11790280852
  }
}