{
  "template": "T3",
  "templateName": "Product Exporter Position Profile",
  "source": "api",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com"
  },
  "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/aus/731581",
  "links": {
    "product": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/product/731581",
    "exporter": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/exporter/aus/731581",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology"
  },
  "methodology": {
    "summary": "Reported exporter totals are combined with destination, price, history, and country-context observations. Growth, concentration, weighted share, volatility, drawdown, and price-position values are calculated indicators rather than additional reported trade.",
    "reportedValues": "Merchandise trade observations for an exporter, HS6 product, destination market, and available year.",
    "destinations": "Destination rows are ranked by latest observed exporter-lane value.",
    "prices": "Unit values are reported trade value divided by reported quantity where quantity is positive.",
    "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not imputed."
  },
  "exporter": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
    "first_data_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "observed_lane_count": 112,
    "current_lane_count": 20,
    "active_market_count": 20,
    "exports_latest_observed_lanes_usd": 4625315.870087014,
    "exports_current_2024_usd": 977654.1852729358,
    "exports_avg_3y_usd": 1169236.1287865692,
    "exports_avg_5y_usd": 995624.8729370188,
    "exports_avg_10y_usd": 1043819.9605795309,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -11.442922639024822,
    "exports_cagr_5y_pct": -23.06671679217883,
    "exports_cagr_10y_pct": -19.37347400667867,
    "exports_all_year_lane_avg_usd": 3310412.4670672715,
    "exports_historical_lane_peak_usd": 15398426.679034397,
    "historical_peak_year": 2014,
    "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 48.275862068965516,
    "trend_acceleration_pct": 7.930551367653848,
    "trend_label": "Rapid decline",
    "top_market_iso3": "NOR",
    "top_market_exports_usd": 2070814.63401349,
    "top_market_share_pct": 44.771312753058154,
    "destination_hhi": 2499.9225908086323,
    "weighted_share_latest_pct": 29.3310475451073,
    "weighted_share_change_1y_pp": 27.995860478963266,
    "weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0134308786971429,
    "weighted_max_drawdown_pct": 21.481748933615204,
    "limited_history_lane_share_pct": 64.28571428571429,
    "data_freshness_years": 0,
    "coverage_score": 80,
    "confidence_label": "High",
    "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:28:11",
    "source": "api",
    "product": {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
      "hs_chapter": 73,
      "hs_heading": 7315,
      "substitution_elasticity": -7.1272378,
      "price_range_label": "Unclassified",
      "trade_type_label": "One-way trade"
    },
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315,
    "destinations": [
      {
        "hs_code": 731581,
        "corridor_rank": 43,
        "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
        "importer_iso3": "USA",
        "latest_data_year": 2024,
        "lane_data_years": 19,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 19053.522099484657,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 14661.944270336267,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18622.275608916432,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14332.50471445045,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15506.243636547973,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 79.39853232363612,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 37.826226626419746,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.305101294162075,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 42522.19426989648,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15182638.587331837,
        "historical_peak_year": 2017,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.44444444444444,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": 60.09343102947405,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9442,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.7275,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1254954597640401,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.16712096707386268,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 51.836859257765965,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 31,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 4019.74,
        "distance_km": 16008.79296875,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.038815228101856565,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03768677647666868,
        "volatility_cv": 0.9041654358797542,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 99.81049765408216,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
        "signal_flag": "Growing",
        "confidence_label": "High",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      },
      {
        "hs_code": 731581,
        "corridor_rank": 55,
        "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
        "importer_iso3": "CHL",
        "latest_data_year": 2012,
        "lane_data_years": 3,
        "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8030.870136039854,
        "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2729.809244142208,
        "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8030.870136039854,
        "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4081.8755565874812,
        "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2729.809244142208,
        "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 292.43397256139815,
        "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 215.5331204472535,
        "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
        "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8030.870136039854,
        "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12789029.716588996,
        "historical_peak_year": 2012,
        "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
        "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
        "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
        "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 73.3058,
        "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.891,
        "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
        "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1044897426759605,
        "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.10000960019714586,
        "peer_best_share_pct": 97.31468227630057,
        "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
        "supplier_count_latest": 10,
        "buyer_market_hhi": 9472.74,
        "distance_km": 11353.7177734375,
        "has_reported_fta": 1,
        "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0881734246850505,
        "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09112040879896059,
        "volatility_cv": 1.373235733003438,
        "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
        "attention_level": "Watch",
        "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
        "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
        "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
        "confidence_label": "Low",
        "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
      }
    ],
    "priceSummary": {
      "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "num_markets": 42,
      "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRA",
      "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 859800,
      "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
      "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 44.928522804629,
      "median_price_across_markets": 10792.274339771384,
      "price_spread_pct": 7966.393777712361,
      "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.196804597701147,
      "total_trade_value_usd": 3013317
    },
    "history": [
      {
        "year": 2010,
        "export_value_usd": 638169.3076645712,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 13.752438944249192
      },
      {
        "year": 2011,
        "export_value_usd": 514722.5507894229,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -19.343888117545337
      },
      {
        "year": 2012,
        "export_value_usd": 406193.06257936003,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -21.085046311573617
      },
      {
        "year": 2013,
        "export_value_usd": 332431.9625259035,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -18.15912354215687
      },
      {
        "year": 2014,
        "export_value_usd": 8421816.78152352,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2433.3956210264478
      },
      {
        "year": 2015,
        "export_value_usd": 158012.765119625,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.12376866870001
      },
      {
        "year": 2016,
        "export_value_usd": 69441.70055995409,
        "active_destinations": 17,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -56.053107160435665
      },
      {
        "year": 2017,
        "export_value_usd": 212444.4842852558,
        "active_destinations": 27,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 205.93214534231774
      },
      {
        "year": 2018,
        "export_value_usd": 1392621.9261454279,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 555.5227502520193
      },
      {
        "year": 2019,
        "export_value_usd": 3627554.364999955,
        "active_destinations": 81,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 160.48378938284353
      },
      {
        "year": 2020,
        "export_value_usd": 62698.70902704163,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -98.27159836301882
      },
      {
        "year": 2021,
        "export_value_usd": 1407717.2692983442,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2145.209337071363
      },
      {
        "year": 2022,
        "export_value_usd": 110305.88441268764,
        "active_destinations": 19,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -92.1642018025631
      },
      {
        "year": 2023,
        "export_value_usd": 2419748.3166740844,
        "active_destinations": 23,
        "yoy_growth_pct": 2093.6711078994435
      },
      {
        "year": 2024,
        "export_value_usd": 977654.1852729358,
        "active_destinations": 20,
        "yoy_growth_pct": -59.59686474266424
      }
    ],
    "economy": {
      "year": 2024,
      "country_iso3": "AUS",
      "exports_usd": 343345689333.4037,
      "imports_usd": 279579610829.55237,
      "trade_balance_usd": 63766078503.85132,
      "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -9.271178282799008,
      "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 0.6549747929691874,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.06517808320619656,
      "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.296408928146178,
      "export_partner_hhi": 1741.202592221926,
      "export_product_hhi": 1097.8312606092395,
      "momentum_score": -6.509378222921164,
      "risk_score": 14.195169264155828,
      "gdp_million_usd": 1757022.4516528314,
      "gdp_per_capita_usd": 64603.985630846415,
      "population": 27196812,
      "labor_force": 13940.02,
      "investment_rate_pct": 27.2,
      "savings_rate_pct": 24.91,
      "secondary_education_pct": 95.7,
      "tertiary_education_pct": 35.67,
      "total_factor_productivity": 2845.24,
      "trade_openness_pct": 32.160751803216414,
      "exports_gdp_pct": 17.726452103433928,
      "num_active_partners": 270,
      "num_fta_partners": 33,
      "num_wto_partners": 169,
      "num_eu_partners": 28,
      "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
      "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
      "avg_partner_distance_km": 12440.728395061727,
      "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
      "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
      "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
      "pct_partners_with_fta": 12.222222222222221,
      "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
      "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
      "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13724821771796056,
      "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13777318466083688,
      "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.029260366528756902,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10851281813207997,
      "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 12689.639634512276,
      "num_border_partners": 0,
      "num_colonial_partners": 115,
      "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.699822455182424,
      "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.4406860409719,
      "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7155788470700335,
      "real_market_potential": 316502.8010034211,
      "foreign_market_potential": 10005.270496056879
    },
    "countryMap": {}
  },
  "product": {
    "hs_code": "731581",
    "hs_description": "Chain: stud-link chain, of iron or steel",
    "hs_chapter": 73,
    "hs_heading": 7315
  },
  "destinations": [
    {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "corridor_rank": 43,
      "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
      "importer_iso3": "USA",
      "latest_data_year": 2024,
      "lane_data_years": 19,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 19053.522099484657,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 14661.944270336267,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 18622.275608916432,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 14332.50471445045,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 15506.243636547973,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 79.39853232363612,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 37.826226626419746,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": 19.305101294162075,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 42522.19426989648,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 15182638.587331837,
      "historical_peak_year": 2017,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 44.44444444444444,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": 60.09343102947405,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 28.9442,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 24.7275,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 55.1724,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1254954597640401,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": -0.16712096707386268,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 51.836859257765965,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 31,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 4019.74,
      "distance_km": 16008.79296875,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.038815228101856565,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.03768677647666868,
      "volatility_cv": 0.9041654358797542,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 99.81049765408216,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['unrecovered_drawdown','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier']",
      "signal_flag": "Growing",
      "confidence_label": "High",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    },
    {
      "hs_code": 731581,
      "corridor_rank": 55,
      "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
      "importer_iso3": "CHL",
      "latest_data_year": 2012,
      "lane_data_years": 3,
      "exports_latest_observed_usd": 8030.870136039854,
      "exports_all_year_avg_usd": 2729.809244142208,
      "exports_avg_3y_usd": 8030.870136039854,
      "exports_avg_5y_usd": 4081.8755565874812,
      "exports_avg_10y_usd": 2729.809244142208,
      "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 292.43397256139815,
      "exports_cagr_5y_pct": 215.5331204472535,
      "exports_cagr_10y_pct": null,
      "exports_historical_peak_usd": 8030.870136039854,
      "buyer_imports_latest_observed_usd": 12789029.716588996,
      "historical_peak_year": 2012,
      "positive_growth_year_share_pct": 100,
      "trend_acceleration_pct": null,
      "trend_label": "Rapid growth",
      "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 73.3058,
      "buyer_yoy_all_avg_pct": 25.891,
      "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 62.069,
      "market_share_latest_pct": 0.1044897426759605,
      "market_share_change_1y_pp": 0.10000960019714586,
      "peer_best_share_pct": 97.31468227630057,
      "peer_top_exporter": "CHN",
      "supplier_count_latest": 10,
      "buyer_market_hhi": 9472.74,
      "distance_km": 11353.7177734375,
      "has_reported_fta": 1,
      "applied_tariff_pct": 0.0881734246850505,
      "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.09112040879896059,
      "volatility_cv": 1.373235733003438,
      "max_drawdown_pct": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": "['high_volatility','concentrated_buyer_market','dominant_supplier','limited_history']",
      "signal_flag": "Accelerating",
      "confidence_label": "Low",
      "refreshed_at": "2026-07-20 09:30:25"
    }
  ],
  "prices": [],
  "priceSummary": {
    "exporter_iso3": "AUS",
    "hs_code": 731581,
    "num_markets": 42,
    "highest_price_importer_iso3": "BRA",
    "highest_price_usd_per_ton": 859800,
    "lowest_price_importer_iso3": "TZA",
    "lowest_price_usd_per_ton": 44.928522804629,
    "median_price_across_markets": 10792.274339771384,
    "price_spread_pct": 7966.393777712361,
    "avg_quantity_metric_tons": 14.196804597701147,
    "total_trade_value_usd": 3013317
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "export_value_usd": 638169.3076645712,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 13.752438944249192
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "export_value_usd": 514722.5507894229,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.343888117545337
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "export_value_usd": 406193.06257936003,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -21.085046311573617
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "export_value_usd": 332431.9625259035,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.15912354215687
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "export_value_usd": 8421816.78152352,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2433.3956210264478
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "export_value_usd": 158012.765119625,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.12376866870001
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "export_value_usd": 69441.70055995409,
      "active_destinations": 17,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -56.053107160435665
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "export_value_usd": 212444.4842852558,
      "active_destinations": 27,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 205.93214534231774
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "export_value_usd": 1392621.9261454279,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 555.5227502520193
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "export_value_usd": 3627554.364999955,
      "active_destinations": 81,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 160.48378938284353
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "export_value_usd": 62698.70902704163,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -98.27159836301882
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "export_value_usd": 1407717.2692983442,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2145.209337071363
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "export_value_usd": 110305.88441268764,
      "active_destinations": 19,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -92.1642018025631
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "export_value_usd": 2419748.3166740844,
      "active_destinations": 23,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 2093.6711078994435
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "export_value_usd": 977654.1852729358,
      "active_destinations": 20,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -59.59686474266424
    }
  ],
  "economy": {
    "year": 2024,
    "country_iso3": "AUS",
    "exports_usd": 343345689333.4037,
    "imports_usd": 279579610829.55237,
    "trade_balance_usd": 63766078503.85132,
    "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -9.271178282799008,
    "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 0.6549747929691874,
    "exports_cagr_3y_pct": -0.06517808320619656,
    "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.296408928146178,
    "export_partner_hhi": 1741.202592221926,
    "export_product_hhi": 1097.8312606092395,
    "momentum_score": -6.509378222921164,
    "risk_score": 14.195169264155828,
    "gdp_million_usd": 1757022.4516528314,
    "gdp_per_capita_usd": 64603.985630846415,
    "population": 27196812,
    "labor_force": 13940.02,
    "investment_rate_pct": 27.2,
    "savings_rate_pct": 24.91,
    "secondary_education_pct": 95.7,
    "tertiary_education_pct": 35.67,
    "total_factor_productivity": 2845.24,
    "trade_openness_pct": 32.160751803216414,
    "exports_gdp_pct": 17.726452103433928,
    "num_active_partners": 270,
    "num_fta_partners": 33,
    "num_wto_partners": 169,
    "num_eu_partners": 28,
    "num_shared_border_partners": 0,
    "num_shared_language_partners": 77,
    "avg_partner_distance_km": 12440.728395061727,
    "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193,
    "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null,
    "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "pct_partners_with_fta": 12.222222222222221,
    "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852,
    "pct_partners_shared_border": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13724821771796056,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13777318466083688,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.029260366528756902,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10851281813207997,
    "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 12689.639634512276,
    "num_border_partners": 0,
    "num_colonial_partners": 115,
    "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.699822455182424,
    "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.4406860409719,
    "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.7155788470700335,
    "real_market_potential": 316502.8010034211,
    "foreign_market_potential": 10005.270496056879
  }
}