# Poland Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks > Published by **Yugalinks**, global trade intelligence for growing businesses. > > Contact: [support@yugalinks.com](mailto:support@yugalinks.com) | [Follow Yugalinks on LinkedIn](https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks) Explore Poland's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals. Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL ## Poland export profile overview This country export profile is designed for export market research, country comparison, and trade-route analysis. It brings together the latest reported exports and imports, trade balance, annual export history, leading destination markets, HS2 export sectors, partner breadth, tariff context, and calculated exposure indicators in one structured view. In 2024, Poland recorded $345.5B in exports and $370.8B in imports. Exports changed -1.7% year on year and show a calculated +4.3% three-year CAGR. Germany was the largest displayed destination and Machinery was the largest displayed HS2 sector by value. The primary trade series is OECD BIMTS. Supporting bilateral context is attributed to CEPII BACI. Reported values and calculated indicators are kept distinct so readers can use the page for research without treating derived measures as forecasts. ## Page details - Country: **Poland (POL)** - Coverage: **1995-2024** (30 observed years) - Latest reported year: **2024** - Publisher: [Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/) ## Country snapshot | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | Latest reported exports | $345.5B | | Latest reported imports | $370.8B | | Trade balance | -$25.3B | | Latest exports year-on-year change | -1.7% | | Exports 3-year CAGR | +4.3% | | Active partner markets | 270 | | FTA partner markets | 108 | | Country attention level | Watch | ## Economy and structural context The macroeconomic context helps readers interpret Poland's merchandise export scale. These indicators describe the available country environment and are not forecasts of company performance. | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | GDP | $917.8B | | GDP per capita | $25.1K | | Population | 36.6M | | Labor force | 17.5K | | Investment rate | 22.7% | | Savings rate | 22.4% | | Trade openness | 97.7% | | Merchandise exports / GDP | 47.1% | | Secondary education | 93.8% | | Tertiary education | 23.9% | ## Destination risk and emerging corridor signals These are calculated indicators for follow-up research. They are not recommendations, ratings, or forecasts. | Destination | Attention | Attention share | Below peak | Applied tariff | Primary reason | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | Germany (DEU) | Watch | 25.7% | 19% | 4% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | | Czechia (CZE) | Watch | 38% | 18% | 2.6% | Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure | | United Kingdom (GBR) | Watch | 21.4% | 18.2% | 0% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | | Mexico (MEX) | Critical attention | 65.9% | 25.8% | 11.7% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | | France (FRA) | Watch | 24.2% | 20% | 4.1% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA) | Watch | 24.1% | 16.4% | 2.4% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | ### Emerging corridor signals | Destination | HS6 | Signal | Market imports | Current share | Strength | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Angola (AGO) | 100119 | new | $159.5M | 26.3% | 100 | | Albania (ALB) | 847090 | new | $387.2K | 87.2% | 100 | | Albania (ALB) | 902212 | new | $2.2M | 7.4% | 100 | | Chile (CHL) | 071333 | new | $12.1M | 1.2% | 100 | | Bangladesh (BGD) | 251710 | new | $59.8M | 0.7% | 100 | | Cameroon (CMR) | 890120 | new | $777.0K | 46.4% | 100 | | Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) | 843820 | new | $638.3K | 17% | 100 | | Bangladesh (BGD) | 730640 | new | $1.5M | 7.5% | 100 | | Austria (AUT) | 870370 | new | $119.7M | 0.1% | 100 | | Austria (AUT) | 261310 | new | $116.2M | 0.2% | 100 | ## Market opportunity signals These product-market combinations are ranked by the service's calculated addressable three-year value field. They organize follow-up research and are not forecasts or recommendations. | Rank | Market and HS6 | Buyer imports | Addressable 3-year value | Current share | Demand signal | | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 1 | China (CHN), HS6 260111: Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated | $111.0B | $119.1B | 0% | Accelerating (-2.6%) | | 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $165.0B | $115.5B | 0% | Growing (+1.1%) | | 3 | China (CHN), HS6 854231: Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits | $158.0B | $93.1B | 0% | Accelerating (+10.5%) | | 4 | India (IND), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $130.1B | $72.9B | 0.1% | Accelerating (-0.5%) | | 5 | China (CHN), HS6 854232: Electronic integrated circuits: memories | $80.6B | $65.7B | 0% | Accelerating (+20.6%) | | 6 | China (CHN), HS6 120190: Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken | $47.8B | $62.4B | 0% | Declining (-13.5%) | | 7 | China (CHN), HS6 854239: Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542 | $81.8B | $61.4B | 0% | Growing (+4%) | | 8 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA), HS6 851712: Telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks | $53.9B | $53.8B | 0% | Accelerating (-8.8%) | ## Detailed export portfolio by HS4 HS4 rows provide more detail beneath the top HS2 sector summary. The parent HS2 sector is retained to keep the product hierarchy clear. | Rank | HS4 | Parent HS2 sector | Exports | Share | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 8708 | Vehicles (87) | $19.3B | 5.6% | 14 | | 2 | 8507 | Electrical machinery (85) | $7.9B | 2.3% | 7 | | 3 | 8704 | Vehicles (87) | $7.3B | 2.1% | 7 | | 4 | 8471 | Machinery (84) | $7.0B | 2% | 8 | | 5 | 8703 | Vehicles (87) | $7.0B | 2% | 14 | | 6 | 9401 | Furniture and lighting (94) | $6.8B | 2% | 13 | | 7 | 9403 | Furniture and lighting (94) | $6.6B | 1.9% | 11 | | 8 | 2402 | Tobacco (24) | $5.1B | 1.5% | 3 | | 9 | 8528 | Electrical machinery (85) | $4.6B | 1.3% | 9 | | 10 | 0207 | Meat and edible meat offal (02) | $4.6B | 1.3% | 19 | | 11 | 8411 | Machinery (84) | $4.4B | 1.3% | 8 | | 12 | 8544 | Electrical machinery (85) | $3.9B | 1.1% | 8 | ## Leading export destinations | Rank | Destination | ISO3 | Latest exports | Share | YoY | 3-year CAGR | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | Germany | DEU | $87.4B | 25.3% | -6.6% | +1.1% | | 2 | Czechia | CZE | $20.2B | 5.8% | -1.5% | +4.5% | | 3 | France | FRA | $19.8B | 5.7% | -3.1% | +4.2% | | 4 | United Kingdom | GBR | $19.0B | 5.5% | +4.5% | +10% | | 5 | Italy | ITA | $16.8B | 4.9% | -1.4% | +5.3% | | 6 | Netherlands | NLD | $15.8B | 4.6% | +0.1% | +6% | | 7 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | USA | $12.7B | 3.7% | +4.4% | +12.3% | | 8 | Ukraine | UKR | $10.2B | 2.9% | +11% | +20.5% | | 9 | Spain | ESP | $9.9B | 2.9% | -0.3% | +8.5% | | 10 | Slovakia | SVK | $9.4B | 2.7% | -3.8% | +9.3% | ## Export portfolio by HS2 | Rank | HS2 | Sector | Exports | Share | Export partners | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 84 | Machinery | $47.4B | 13.7% | 188 | 515 | | 2 | 85 | Electrical machinery | $40.2B | 11.6% | 188 | 262 | | 3 | 87 | Vehicles | $39.8B | 11.5% | 183 | 87 | | 4 | 94 | Furniture and lighting | $16.5B | 4.8% | 177 | 42 | | 5 | 39 | Plastics | $16.1B | 4.7% | 182 | 129 | | 6 | 73 | Articles of iron or steel | $10.7B | 3.1% | 177 | 124 | | 7 | 27 | Mineral fuels | $9.1B | 2.6% | 153 | 43 | | 8 | 02 | Meat and edible meat offal | $8.5B | 2.5% | 127 | 66 | | 9 | 90 | Optical and medical instruments | $7.8B | 2.2% | 183 | 142 | | 10 | 40 | Rubber | $6.4B | 1.9% | 180 | 80 | ## Annual export history | Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance | Exports YoY | Exports 3-year CAGR | | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1995 | $21.7B | $28.7B | -$7.0B | Not reported | Not reported | | 1996 | $23.1B | $35.4B | -$12.3B | +6.8% | Not reported | | 1997 | $24.3B | $39.9B | -$15.6B | +4.8% | Not reported | | 1998 | $26.3B | $43.6B | -$17.3B | +8.3% | +6.6% | | 1999 | $26.6B | $43.7B | -$17.1B | +1.2% | +4.7% | | 2000 | $30.2B | $45.9B | -$15.7B | +13.7% | +7.6% | | 2001 | $34.6B | $47.5B | -$12.9B | +14.4% | +9.6% | | 2002 | $39.3B | $51.5B | -$12.2B | +13.7% | +13.9% | | 2003 | $51.5B | $63.7B | -$12.2B | +31.1% | +19.5% | | 2004 | $70.0B | $82.6B | -$12.6B | +35.9% | +26.5% | | 2005 | $82.3B | $96.7B | -$14.4B | +17.5% | +27.9% | | 2006 | $103.3B | $124.8B | -$21.5B | +25.5% | +26.1% | | 2007 | $130.7B | $161.8B | -$31.1B | +26.5% | +23.1% | | 2008 | $160.5B | $203.4B | -$42.9B | +22.8% | +25% | | 2009 | $128.5B | $147.6B | -$19.1B | -20% | +7.5% | | 2010 | $148.1B | $172.8B | -$24.7B | +15.2% | +4.3% | | 2011 | $178.0B | $211.3B | -$33.3B | +20.2% | +3.5% | | 2012 | $172.9B | $194.6B | -$21.7B | -2.9% | +10.4% | | 2013 | $192.9B | $205.4B | -$12.5B | +11.5% | +9.2% | | 2014 | $204.8B | $220.7B | -$16.0B | +6.2% | +4.8% | | 2015 | $186.5B | $192.0B | -$5.4B | -8.9% | +2.6% | | 2016 | $190.9B | $193.3B | -$2.3B | +2.4% | -0.3% | | 2017 | $212.7B | $220.8B | -$8.1B | +11.4% | +1.3% | | 2018 | $244.9B | $262.5B | -$17.6B | +15.1% | +9.5% | | 2019 | $243.2B | $253.2B | -$9.9B | -0.7% | +8.4% | | 2020 | $247.3B | $253.9B | -$6.5B | +1.7% | +5.2% | | 2021 | $304.6B | $332.4B | -$27.8B | +23.1% | +7.5% | | 2022 | $335.2B | $371.4B | -$36.2B | +10% | +11.3% | | 2023 | $351.5B | $364.1B | -$12.6B | +4.9% | +12.4% | | 2024 | $345.5B | $370.8B | -$25.3B | -1.7% | +4.3% | ## Partner and access context - Average partner distance: 6,588 km. - Partners with reported FTA context: 40%. - Average applied tariff context: 0.1%. - Average MFN tariff context: 0.1%. - Tariff advantage indicator: +0.1 pp. - Shared-border partners: 8. - Shared-language partners: 0. ## Exposure context - Attention share: 29.4% of covered export value. - Critical share: 2.3% of covered export value. - Export-weighted value below peak: 19%. - FTA-covered exports: 87.3%. - Export-weighted tariff context: 0.1%. - Primary context: High trade volatility. - Macro context: Macro trend resilient. ## Definitions and coverage Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year. CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations. Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated. ## Complete structured values The JSON block below contains the complete country profile, exposure context, annual history, sector rows, destination rows, source metadata, and links published with this page. ```json { "template": "T10", "canonicalTemplate": "TS-COUNTRY-10-EXPORT-CAPABILITY-PROFILE", "pageType": "Country export capability profile", "source": "reported", "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T13:28:13.173Z", "seo": { "title": "Poland Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks", "description": "Explore Poland's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals.", "keywords": [ "Poland export profile", "Poland export data", "Poland trade data", "Poland export markets", "Poland HS2 exports", "Poland HS4 exports", "Poland trade balance", "Poland economic profile", "Poland export opportunities", "OECD trade statistics", "export market research" ] }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "country": { "iso3": "POL", "country_name": "Poland", "iso2": "" }, "dataCoverage": { "firstYear": 1995, "latestYear": 2024, "observedYears": 30 }, "profile": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 345528308035.2292, "imports_usd": 370840483510.2214, "trade_balance_usd": -25312175474.992188, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -1.7020889691577001, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 1.8502491310843805, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.293119907580345, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.7138326915736375, "export_partner_hhi": 866.4676912741241, "export_product_hhi": 33.59320145326116, "momentum_score": 0.0964736938637134, "risk_score": 4.500304463636926, "gdp_million_usd": 917767.1061467614, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 25103.56566142297, "population": 36559233, "labor_force": 17518.17, "investment_rate_pct": 22.74, "savings_rate_pct": 22.35, "secondary_education_pct": 93.76, "tertiary_education_pct": 23.91, "total_factor_productivity": 1330.24, "trade_openness_pct": 97.73493533911838, "exports_gdp_pct": 47.140784526367135, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 108, "num_wto_partners": 169, "num_eu_partners": 28, "num_shared_border_partners": 8, "num_shared_language_partners": 0, "avg_partner_distance_km": 6587.930041152264, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 40, "pct_partners_shared_language": 0, "pct_partners_shared_border": 2.9629629629629632, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13036191478838852, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13331036189447393, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.02827914657674222, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10503121531773171, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 6591.0833269135055, "num_border_partners": 190, "num_colonial_partners": 40, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -10.795061602369469, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 75.87575899112564, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 2.685660906118636, "real_market_potential": 245814.10104316942, "foreign_market_potential": 20261.573999416476 }, "exposureContext": { "country_iso3": "POL", "all_history_lane_count": 64036, "current_lane_count": 57687, "critical_lane_count": 186, "high_attention_lane_count": 8517, "high_volatility_lane_count": 36494, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 22381, "declining_demand_lane_count": 316, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 22421, "access_friction_lane_count": 3760, "buyer_macro_weakness_lane_count": 1801, "monitored_exports_current_usd": 330173399438.8801, "attention_exports_usd": 97114091525.92484, "critical_exports_usd": 7561912996.004052, "high_volatility_exports_usd": 169706996106.1984, "unrecovered_drawdown_exports_usd": 41412432666.62852, "non_fta_exports_usd": 32458554726.24519, "monitored_attention_share_pct": 29.41305740891524, "monitored_critical_share_pct": 2.290285349714816, "fta_covered_exports_share_pct": 87.2781151782422, "export_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.1403014693163118, "export_weighted_below_peak_pct": 19.004056915277967, "export_weighted_distance_km": 1787.7204256562077, "export_weighted_tariff_pct": 0.052377374129780344, "latest_data_year": 2024, "first_data_year": 1995, "country_years_count": 30, "total_exports_latest_usd": 345528308035.2292, "total_imports_latest_usd": 370840483510.2214, "trade_balance_latest_usd": -25312175474.992188, "exports_yoy_latest_pct": -1.7020889691577001, "exports_cagr_3y_latest_pct": 4.293119907580345, "gdp_latest_million_usd": 917767.1061467614, "gdp_per_capita_latest_usd": 25103.56566142297, "population_latest": 36559233, "investment_rate_latest_pct": 22.74, "savings_rate_latest_pct": 22.35, "trade_openness_latest_pct": 97.73493533911838, "exports_gdp_latest_pct": 47.140784526367135, "active_partners_latest": 270, "fta_partners_latest": 108, "foreign_market_potential_latest": 20261.573999416476, "gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 8.774876361756622, "gdp_per_capita_5y_cagr_pct": 9.599090635201723, "population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.7520265621440814, "partner_hhi_latest": 866.467691274162, "partner_top1_share_latest_pct": 25.28355194032618, "partner_top3_share_latest_pct": 36.84051867028455, "partner_hhi_all_avg": 1113.806755776687, "partner_hhi_all_max": 1776.9070609352586, "product_hhi_latest": 33.59320145326249, "product_top1_share_latest_pct": 1.9498456343641477, "product_top3_share_latest_pct": 4.821168409956792, "product_hhi_all_avg": 46.85680649370787, "product_hhi_all_max": 64.32441665565788, "total_exports_attention_share_pct": 28.10597258387968, "total_exports_critical_share_pct": 2.1885075173733837, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_driver": "High trade volatility", "macro_resilience_label": "Macro trend resilient" }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 21672058147.447083, "imports_usd": 28703382340.97158, "trade_balance_usd": -7031324193.524498, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": null, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": null, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1996, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 23144859969.098717, "imports_usd": 35430737032.22349, "trade_balance_usd": -12285877063.124771, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 6.795855804886375, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 23.437498101571098, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 24252273058.298077, "imports_usd": 39875393168.23265, "trade_balance_usd": -15623120109.934574, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 4.784704209392032, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 12.544633581759367, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 26266721263.218945, "imports_usd": 43553682885.95543, "trade_balance_usd": -17286961622.736485, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 8.306224328245438, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 9.224460062886974, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 6.619154957249007, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 14.911617074571847 }, { "year": 1999, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 26583611137.607635, "imports_usd": 43670545664.92749, "trade_balance_usd": -17086934527.319855, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 1.2064310243107057, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 0.26831893706456, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.725668022574014, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.218438324337462 }, { "year": 2000, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 30221646681.886765, "imports_usd": 45914151275.964066, "trade_balance_usd": -15692504594.077301, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 13.685257151284569, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 5.1375717359960715, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 7.610642617928431, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 4.812688465442627 }, { "year": 2001, "country_iso3": "POL", "exports_usd": 34576797570.62426, "imports_usd": 47476235961.72332, "trade_balance_usd": -12899438391.09906, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 14.410700166605217, 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"exports_proj_3y_usd": null, "exports_proj_5y_usd": null, "your_share_gap_pp": 67.4651, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 62396559198.54, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 96904770649.31, "peer_best_share_pct": 67.46513991949753, "peer_top_exporter": "BRA", "num_suppliers_latest": 22, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 5187.13, "distance_km": 6947.89892578125, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.002899999963119626, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8.5, "shared_legal_system": 1, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 0, "signal_flag": "Declining", "lane_data_years": 1, "lane_last_year": 2019, "rank": 6, "importer_name": "China" }, { "exporter_iso3": "POL", "importer_iso3": "CHN", "hs_code": "854239", "hs_description": "Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542", "hs_chapter": 85, "hs_heading": 8542, "price_range_label": null, 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0.001390399751821215, "share_peak_pct": 0.00708496023855434, "share_change_1y_pp": -0.002277341427182134, "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.00018, "cagr_full_pct": 31.0348, "yoy_avg_pct": 125.576, "yoy_latest_pct": -29.3967, "trend_consistency_pct": 53.8462, "exports_proj_3y_usd": 7681580.5, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 12002469.53, "your_share_gap_pp": 48.238, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 61396480145.84, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 82436456337.45, "peer_best_share_pct": 48.242796314161644, "peer_top_exporter": "TWN", "num_suppliers_latest": 111, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 2635.7, "distance_km": 6947.89892578125, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.002899999963119626, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8.5, "shared_legal_system": 1, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7843043613157765, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 76.45962892522569, "signal_flag": "Growing", "lane_data_years": 27, "lane_last_year": 2024, "rank": 7, "importer_name": "China" }, { "exporter_iso3": "POL", "importer_iso3": "USA", "hs_code": "851712", "hs_description": "Telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks", "hs_chapter": 85, "hs_heading": 8517, "price_range_label": null, "trade_type_label": null, "substitution_elasticity": -8.9039278, "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 53944942346.92665, "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 29981830151.76374, "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 64095731519.879616, "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 11.8236, "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 14.5492, "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": -8.7827, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 75.8621, "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 75431256209.81, "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 94323175157.8, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 22996100, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 69288, "buyer_population_latest": 331893.738, "buyer_investment_rate": 21.94, "buyer_savings_rate": 17.5, "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.29, "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 25548808.87, "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 74535.71, "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 7.57, "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 11.1, "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 3.28, "exports_latest_usd": 20328145.14524581, "exports_avg_usd": 5659933.596304149, "exports_peak_usd": 22362503.13383939, "share_latest_pct": 0.037683134434574016, "share_avg_pct": 0.01226803590379484, "share_peak_pct": 0.04593288520049383, "share_change_1y_pp": 0.018708963929144506, "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.001344, "cagr_full_pct": 39.6872, "yoy_avg_pct": 346.7784, "yoy_latest_pct": 81.1597, "trend_consistency_pct": 60.7143, "exports_proj_3y_usd": 39703408.49, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 62036575.76, "your_share_gap_pp": 71.3288, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 53804218704.08, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 67279599996.82, "peer_best_share_pct": 71.36649483342988, "peer_top_exporter": "CHN", "num_suppliers_latest": 112, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 5355.92, "distance_km": 6855.42236328125, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.2838841378688812, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3534788170999643, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 98.03775252933661, "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "lane_data_years": 29, "lane_last_year": 2024, "rank": 8, "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" } ], "countryDirectory": [ { "iso3": "DEU", "country_name": "Germany" }, { "iso3": "CZE", "country_name": "Czechia" }, { "iso3": "FRA", "country_name": "France" }, { "iso3": "GBR", "country_name": "United Kingdom" }, { "iso3": "ITA", "country_name": "Italy" }, { "iso3": "NLD", "country_name": "Netherlands" }, { "iso3": "USA", "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "iso3": "UKR", "country_name": "Ukraine" }, { "iso3": "ESP", "country_name": "Spain" }, { "iso3": "SVK", "country_name": "Slovakia" } ], "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-28", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-28" } ] }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported country trade observations are combined with calculated growth, shares, concentration, tariff, partner-network, and exposure indicators. Calculated values are not additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.", "calculatedIndicators": "CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations.", "coverage": "This sample covers the available country history from 1995 through the latest reported year. The exact first and latest year are included in the structured payload.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated." }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/POL/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } } ``` ## About Yugalinks Yugalinks provides trade intelligence for teams researching products, markets, suppliers, and trade routes. Visit the [country workspace](https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries), [methodology](https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology), [data coverage](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage), or [contact Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/contact). ## Data sources - Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) - [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/) - CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) - [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) - [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf) This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.