# Madagascar Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks > Published by **Yugalinks**, global trade intelligence for growing businesses. > > Contact: [support@yugalinks.com](mailto:support@yugalinks.com) | [Follow Yugalinks on LinkedIn](https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks) Explore Madagascar's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals. Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG ## Madagascar export profile overview This country export profile is designed for export market research, country comparison, and trade-route analysis. It brings together the latest reported exports and imports, trade balance, annual export history, leading destination markets, HS2 export sectors, partner breadth, tariff context, and calculated exposure indicators in one structured view. In 2024, Madagascar recorded $3.2B in exports and $4.5B in imports. Exports changed -12.5% year on year and show a calculated +1.4% three-year CAGR. USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands was the largest displayed destination and Coffee, tea and spices was the largest displayed HS2 sector by value. The primary trade series is OECD BIMTS. Supporting bilateral context is attributed to CEPII BACI. Reported values and calculated indicators are kept distinct so readers can use the page for research without treating derived measures as forecasts. ## Page details - Country: **Madagascar (MDG)** - Coverage: **1995-2024** (30 observed years) - Latest reported year: **2024** - Publisher: [Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/) ## Country snapshot | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | Latest reported exports | $3.2B | | Latest reported imports | $4.5B | | Trade balance | -$1.2B | | Latest exports year-on-year change | -12.5% | | Exports 3-year CAGR | +1.4% | | Active partner markets | 270 | | FTA partner markets | 48 | | Country attention level | High attention | ## Economy and structural context The macroeconomic context helps readers interpret Madagascar's merchandise export scale. These indicators describe the available country environment and are not forecasts of company performance. | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | GDP | $17.4B | | GDP per capita | $545.0 | | Population | 32M | | Labor force | 16.2K | | Investment rate | 22.3% | | Savings rate | 10.2% | | Trade openness | 47.8% | | Merchandise exports / GDP | 20% | | Secondary education | 29.2% | | Tertiary education | 2.5% | ## Destination risk and emerging corridor signals These are calculated indicators for follow-up research. They are not recommendations, ratings, or forecasts. | Destination | Attention | Attention share | Below peak | Applied tariff | Primary reason | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | Japan (JPN) | Critical attention | 97.6% | 56.1% | 1.4% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA) | Critical attention | 63.2% | 34.3% | 2% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | France (FRA) | High attention | 24.5% | 38.5% | 0.9% | Volatile products account for the largest observed corridor exposure | | Taiwan (TWN) | Critical attention | 96.3% | 60.3% | Not reported | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | Indonesia (IDN) | Critical attention | 93.4% | 35.8% | 17.9% | Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure | | Canada (CAN) | Critical attention | 93.1% | 36.1% | 3.6% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | ### Emerging corridor signals | Destination | HS6 | Signal | Market imports | Current share | Strength | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | United Arab Emirates (ARE) | 381590 | new | $78.0M | 0.2% | 100 | | Spain (ESP) | 293920 | new | $3.3M | 23.1% | 100 | | Australia (AUS) | 030819 | new | $2.5M | 11.5% | 100 | | Cambodia (KHM) | 081340 | new | $961.9K | 13.6% | 100 | | Singapore (SGP) | 261000 | new | $64.0M | 0.4% | 100 | | Mexico (MEX) | 260111 | new | $201.8M | 0.1% | 100 | | Malaysia (MYS) | 260300 | new | $250.1M | 0.1% | 100 | | Malaysia (MYS) | 180400 | new | $35.9M | 0.8% | 100 | | Kenya (KEN) | 030617 | new | $903.4K | 20.8% | 100 | | Italy (ITA) | 200989 | new | $78.4M | 0.4% | 100 | ## Market opportunity signals These product-market combinations are ranked by the service's calculated addressable three-year value field. They organize follow-up research and are not forecasts or recommendations. | Rank | Market and HS6 | Buyer imports | Addressable 3-year value | Current share | Demand signal | | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 1 | China (CHN), HS6 260111: Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated | $111.0B | $119.1B | 0% | Accelerating (-2.6%) | | 2 | China (CHN), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $291.6B | $98.7B | 0% | Declining (-6.7%) | | 3 | China (CHN), HS6 854231: Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits | $158.0B | $93.1B | 0% | Declining (+10.5%) | | 4 | India (IND), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $130.1B | $73.0B | 0% | Declining (-0.5%) | | 5 | China (CHN), HS6 854232: Electronic integrated circuits: memories | $80.6B | $65.7B | 0% | Declining (+20.6%) | | 6 | China (CHN), HS6 854239: Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542 | $81.8B | $61.4B | 0% | Declining (+4%) | | 7 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA), HS6 851712: Telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks | $53.9B | $53.8B | 0% | Accelerating (-8.8%) | | 8 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA), HS6 847150: Digital processing units: other than those of subheadings 8471.41 or 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units or output units | $53.9B | $45.6B | 0% | Growing (+60.2%) | ## Detailed export portfolio by HS4 HS4 rows provide more detail beneath the top HS2 sector summary. The parent HS2 sector is retained to keep the product hierarchy clear. | Rank | HS4 | Parent HS2 sector | Exports | Share | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 7502 | Nickel (75) | $451.6M | 14% | 2 | | 2 | 0905 | Coffee, tea and spices (09) | $259.7M | 8% | 2 | | 3 | 0907 | Coffee, tea and spices (09) | $198.1M | 6.1% | 2 | | 4 | 7108 | Precious stones and metals (71) | $189.5M | 5.9% | 3 | | 5 | 2614 | Ores, slag and ash (26) | $166.6M | 5.2% | 1 | | 6 | 6203 | Non-knitted clothing (62) | $149.7M | 4.6% | 14 | | 7 | 7103 | Precious stones and metals (71) | $147.1M | 4.6% | 3 | | 8 | 6110 | Knitted clothing (61) | $116.2M | 3.6% | 6 | | 9 | 0306 | Fish and crustaceans (03) | $87.3M | 2.7% | 16 | | 10 | 6109 | Knitted clothing (61) | $82.6M | 2.6% | 2 | | 11 | 3301 | Essential oils and cosmetics (33) | $79.5M | 2.5% | 8 | | 12 | 6204 | Non-knitted clothing (62) | $72.1M | 2.2% | 25 | ## Leading export destinations | Rank | Destination | ISO3 | Latest exports | Share | YoY | 3-year CAGR | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | USA | $573.8M | 17.8% | -0.5% | -0.9% | | 2 | France | FRA | $524.4M | 16.2% | -4.7% | -3.9% | | 3 | China | CHN | $260.1M | 8.1% | -4.7% | -9.1% | | 4 | United Arab Emirates | ARE | $230.6M | 7.1% | +125% | +14.6% | | 5 | India | IND | $190.9M | 5.9% | +34.2% | +19.9% | | 6 | Japan | JPN | $186.3M | 5.8% | -41.3% | -3.2% | | 7 | Republic of Korea | KOR | $156.5M | 4.8% | -36.7% | +121.3% | | 8 | South Africa | ZAF | $138.3M | 4.3% | +5.8% | +6.7% | | 9 | Germany | DEU | $120.7M | 3.7% | -7.2% | -11.7% | | 10 | Canada | CAN | $105.6M | 3.3% | -15.1% | -11.6% | ## Export portfolio by HS2 | Rank | HS2 | Sector | Exports | Share | Export partners | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 09 | Coffee, tea and spices | $501.6M | 15.5% | 128 | 39 | | 2 | 75 | Nickel | $453.3M | 14% | 23 | 13 | | 3 | 62 | Non-knitted clothing | $393.2M | 12.2% | 117 | 112 | | 4 | 71 | Precious stones and metals | $345.4M | 10.7% | 72 | 40 | | 5 | 61 | Knitted clothing | $338.6M | 10.5% | 121 | 106 | | 6 | 26 | Ores, slag and ash | $250.1M | 7.7% | 20 | 23 | | 7 | 03 | Fish and crustaceans | $108.9M | 3.4% | 52 | 102 | | 8 | 25 | Salt, sulphur, earths and stone | $92.4M | 2.9% | 49 | 57 | | 9 | 33 | Essential oils and cosmetics | $81.1M | 2.5% | 85 | 29 | | 10 | 18 | Cocoa and cocoa preparations | $73.9M | 2.3% | 48 | 11 | ## Annual export history | Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance | Exports YoY | Exports 3-year CAGR | | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1995 | $544.5M | $550.8M | -$6.3M | Not reported | Not reported | | 1996 | $560.9M | $605.5M | -$44.6M | +3% | Not reported | | 1997 | $544.3M | $637.1M | -$92.8M | -3% | Not reported | | 1998 | $591.4M | $714.2M | -$122.8M | +8.7% | +2.8% | | 1999 | $575.0M | $802.0M | -$226.9M | -2.8% | +0.8% | | 2000 | $840.5M | $1.1B | -$243.6M | +46.2% | +15.6% | | 2001 | $982.9M | $1.1B | -$91.1M | +16.9% | +18.5% | | 2002 | $752.8M | $874.5M | -$121.7M | -23.4% | +9.4% | | 2003 | $1.0B | $1.3B | -$304.1M | +38.3% | +7.4% | | 2004 | $1.2B | $1.8B | -$570.2M | +18.1% | +7.7% | | 2005 | $990.8M | $1.9B | -$861.2M | -19.4% | +9.6% | | 2006 | $1.0B | $1.9B | -$868.3M | +2.8% | -0.7% | | 2007 | $1.2B | $2.8B | -$1.6B | +22.4% | +0.5% | | 2008 | $1.4B | $3.8B | -$2.4B | +9.4% | +11.3% | | 2009 | $1.1B | $3.1B | -$2.0B | -15.8% | +4.1% | | 2010 | $1.1B | $2.6B | -$1.4B | -0.6% | -2.9% | | 2011 | $1.7B | $2.8B | -$1.1B | +45.4% | +6.8% | | 2012 | $1.6B | $2.8B | -$1.2B | -5.1% | +11.1% | | 2013 | $1.9B | $3.0B | -$1.0B | +22.8% | +19.2% | | 2014 | $2.4B | $3.3B | -$934.1M | +24.4% | +13.2% | | 2015 | $2.3B | $3.0B | -$618.9M | -3.1% | +14% | | 2016 | $2.5B | $3.2B | -$622.5M | +8.3% | +9.3% | | 2017 | $3.2B | $3.7B | -$457.1M | +26.8% | +10% | | 2018 | $3.4B | $3.9B | -$539.2M | +6.4% | +13.5% | | 2019 | $3.1B | $3.9B | -$752.6M | -8.2% | +7.4% | | 2020 | $2.4B | $3.3B | -$911.7M | -23.4% | -9.2% | | 2021 | $3.1B | $4.1B | -$957.9M | +29.1% | -3.2% | | 2022 | $4.2B | $5.2B | -$968.5M | +35.9% | +10.4% | | 2023 | $3.7B | $4.7B | -$1.0B | -12.3% | +15.4% | | 2024 | $3.2B | $4.5B | -$1.2B | -12.5% | +1.4% | ## Partner and access context - Average partner distance: 8,415 km. - Partners with reported FTA context: 17.8%. - Average applied tariff context: 0.1%. - Average MFN tariff context: 0.1%. - Tariff advantage indicator: +0.1 pp. - Shared-border partners: 0. - Shared-language partners: 41. ## Exposure context - Attention share: 49.9% of covered export value. - Critical share: 17.6% of covered export value. - Export-weighted value below peak: 31.4%. - FTA-covered exports: 34.2%. - Export-weighted tariff context: 0.1%. - Primary context: Market access exposure. - Macro context: Macro trend resilient. ## Definitions and coverage Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year. CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations. Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated. ## Complete structured values The JSON block below contains the complete country profile, exposure context, annual history, sector rows, destination rows, source metadata, and links published with this page. ```json { "template": "T10", "canonicalTemplate": "TS-COUNTRY-10-EXPORT-CAPABILITY-PROFILE", "pageType": "Country export capability profile", "source": "reported", "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T13:26:46.457Z", "seo": { "title": "Madagascar Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks", "description": "Explore Madagascar's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals.", "keywords": [ "Madagascar export profile", "Madagascar export data", "Madagascar trade data", "Madagascar export markets", "Madagascar HS2 exports", "Madagascar HS4 exports", "Madagascar trade balance", "Madagascar economic profile", "Madagascar export opportunities", "OECD trade statistics", "export market research" ] }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "country": { "iso3": "MDG", "country_name": "Madagascar", "iso2": "" }, "dataCoverage": { "firstYear": 1995, "latestYear": 2024, "observedYears": 30 }, "profile": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "MDG", "exports_usd": 3229198397.677453, "imports_usd": 4467407519.202997, "trade_balance_usd": -1238209121.5255442, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -12.530658956518614, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -4.801231668307116, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 1.3937046376351958, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": 3.274443836645946, "export_partner_hhi": 855.4830578316078, "export_product_hhi": 411.48894911680173, "momentum_score": -8.353349878272471, "risk_score": 6.334860034742047, "gdp_million_usd": 17420.50149012312, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 544.9875010033838, "population": 31964956, "labor_force": 16195.87, "investment_rate_pct": 22.28, "savings_rate_pct": 10.21, "secondary_education_pct": 29.17, "tertiary_education_pct": 2.52, "total_factor_productivity": 98.9, "trade_openness_pct": 47.782538998001876, "exports_gdp_pct": 20.04770674706025, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 48, "num_wto_partners": 169, "num_eu_partners": 28, "num_shared_border_partners": 0, "num_shared_language_partners": 41, "avg_partner_distance_km": 8415.275720164609, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 17.77777777777778, "pct_partners_shared_language": 15.185185185185185, "pct_partners_shared_border": 0, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.12630385158103352, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13773274389724705, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.0216591658377904, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.11607357805945664, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 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"fta_partners_latest": 48, "foreign_market_potential_latest": 9848.131458861211, "gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.3132742329127005, "gdp_per_capita_5y_cagr_pct": 1.745400205779224, "population_5y_cagr_pct": 2.5238232116046477, "partner_hhi_latest": 855.4830578316079, "partner_top1_share_latest_pct": 17.76916554711582, "partner_top3_share_latest_pct": 42.065149307629525, "partner_hhi_all_avg": 1485.3609891426206, "partner_hhi_all_max": 2616.5565836823494, "product_hhi_latest": 411.4889491168002, "product_top1_share_latest_pct": 13.939531380672804, "product_top3_share_latest_pct": 27.725616695878507, "product_hhi_all_avg": 556.3016833991552, "product_hhi_all_max": 1001.7125298058063, "total_exports_attention_share_pct": 44.28763544971953, "total_exports_critical_share_pct": 15.656722529385611, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_driver": "Market access exposure", "macro_resilience_label": "Macro trend resilient" }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "country_iso3": "MDG", "exports_usd": 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"buyer_population_latest": 331893.738, "buyer_investment_rate": 21.94, "buyer_savings_rate": 17.5, "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.29, "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 25548808.87, "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 74535.71, "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 7.57, "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 11.1, "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 3.28, "exports_latest_usd": 5115.375423563647, "exports_avg_usd": 2972.0348421784456, "exports_peak_usd": 15938.150073173381, "share_latest_pct": 0.000014113752523326798, "share_avg_pct": 0.000047498955436012565, "share_peak_pct": 0.0003187016017143697, "share_change_1y_pp": 0.000007429563080913058, "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.000001, "cagr_full_pct": 24.0634, "yoy_avg_pct": 567.5116, "yoy_latest_pct": 216.2556, "trend_consistency_pct": 40, "exports_proj_3y_usd": 9768.06, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 15034.72, "your_share_gap_pp": 71.3665, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 53832632919.58, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 67315130613.18, "peer_best_share_pct": 71.36649483342988, "peer_top_exporter": "CHN", "num_suppliers_latest": 112, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 5355.92, "distance_km": 14006.814453125, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0020000000949949026, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.464479406065597, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 93.64033232773063, "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "lane_data_years": 11, "lane_last_year": 2012, "rank": 7, "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "exporter_iso3": "MDG", "importer_iso3": "USA", "hs_code": "847150", "hs_description": "Digital processing units: other than those of subheadings 8471.41 or 8471.49, whether or not containing in the same housing one or two of the following types of unit: storage units, input units or output units", "hs_chapter": 84, "hs_heading": 8471, "price_range_label": "Medium price range", "trade_type_label": "One-way trade", "substitution_elasticity": -11.105368, "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 53920613508.10858, "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 13916868093.667524, "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 53920613508.10858, "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 11.0503, "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 12.659, "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 60.178, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 82.7586, "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 73843715641.61, "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 91065250260.46, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 22996100, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 69288, "buyer_population_latest": 331893.738, "buyer_investment_rate": 21.94, "buyer_savings_rate": 17.5, "buyer_edu_secondary": 98.29, "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 25548808.87, "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 74535.71, "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 7.57, "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 11.1, "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 3.28, "exports_latest_usd": 6382.938971998042, "exports_avg_usd": 2875.53900948045, "exports_peak_usd": 8127.300082682967, "share_latest_pct": 0.00004179273665001416, "share_avg_pct": 0.00002424131634565932, "share_peak_pct": 0.00006643541398128789, "share_change_1y_pp": -0.00002464267733127373, "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.000008, "cagr_full_pct": 34.8919, "yoy_avg_pct": 304.4407, "yoy_latest_pct": -21.463, "trend_consistency_pct": 60, "exports_proj_3y_usd": 12466.68, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 19479.18, "your_share_gap_pp": 61.8122, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 45644403668.87, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 56289408069.18, "peer_best_share_pct": 61.81221263527096, "peer_top_exporter": "MEX", "num_suppliers_latest": 120, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 4689.67, "distance_km": 14006.814453125, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0020000000949949026, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 4.2, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1012056918654058, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 21.462983929948358, "signal_flag": "Growing", "lane_data_years": 6, "lane_last_year": 2015, "rank": 8, "importer_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" } ], "countryDirectory": [ { "iso3": "USA", "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "iso3": "FRA", "country_name": "France" }, { "iso3": "CHN", "country_name": "China" }, { "iso3": "ARE", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates" }, { "iso3": "IND", "country_name": "India" }, { "iso3": "JPN", "country_name": "Japan" }, { "iso3": "KOR", "country_name": "Republic of Korea" }, { "iso3": "ZAF", "country_name": "South Africa" }, { "iso3": "DEU", "country_name": "Germany" }, { "iso3": "CAN", "country_name": "Canada" } ], "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-28", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-28" } ] }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported country trade observations are combined with calculated growth, shares, concentration, tariff, partner-network, and exposure indicators. Calculated values are not additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.", "calculatedIndicators": "CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations.", "coverage": "This sample covers the available country history from 1995 through the latest reported year. The exact first and latest year are included in the structured payload.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated." }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/MDG/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } } ``` ## About Yugalinks Yugalinks provides trade intelligence for teams researching products, markets, suppliers, and trade routes. Visit the [country workspace](https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries), [methodology](https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology), [data coverage](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage), or [contact Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/contact). ## Data sources - Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) - [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/) - CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) - [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) - [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf) This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.