# Ghana Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks > Published by **Yugalinks**, global trade intelligence for growing businesses. > > Contact: [support@yugalinks.com](mailto:support@yugalinks.com) | [Follow Yugalinks on LinkedIn](https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks) Explore Ghana's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals. Canonical: https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA ## Ghana export profile overview This country export profile is designed for export market research, country comparison, and trade-route analysis. It brings together the latest reported exports and imports, trade balance, annual export history, leading destination markets, HS2 export sectors, partner breadth, tariff context, and calculated exposure indicators in one structured view. In 2024, Ghana recorded $18.3B in exports and $16.9B in imports. Exports changed +19.6% year on year and show a calculated +9.6% three-year CAGR. Switzerland, Liechtenstein was the largest displayed destination and Precious stones and metals was the largest displayed HS2 sector by value. The primary trade series is OECD BIMTS. Supporting bilateral context is attributed to CEPII BACI. Reported values and calculated indicators are kept distinct so readers can use the page for research without treating derived measures as forecasts. ## Page details - Country: **Ghana (GHA)** - Coverage: **1995-2024** (30 observed years) - Latest reported year: **2024** - Publisher: [Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/) ## Country snapshot | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | Latest reported exports | $18.3B | | Latest reported imports | $16.9B | | Trade balance | $1.4B | | Latest exports year-on-year change | +19.6% | | Exports 3-year CAGR | +9.6% | | Active partner markets | 270 | | FTA partner markets | 17 | | Country attention level | Watch | ## Economy and structural context The macroeconomic context helps readers interpret Ghana's merchandise export scale. These indicators describe the available country environment and are not forecasts of company performance. | Measure | Value | | --- | ---: | | GDP | $82.3B | | GDP per capita | $2.4K | | Population | 34.4M | | Labor force | 14.4K | | Investment rate | 23.8% | | Savings rate | 17.8% | | Trade openness | 44.2% | | Merchandise exports / GDP | 23% | | Secondary education | 69.5% | | Tertiary education | 4.1% | ## Destination risk and emerging corridor signals These are calculated indicators for follow-up research. They are not recommendations, ratings, or forecasts. | Destination | Attention | Attention share | Below peak | Applied tariff | Primary reason | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA) | Critical attention | 92.1% | 44.9% | 2% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | Malaysia (MYS) | Critical attention | 85.9% | 44.6% | 13.4% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | India (IND) | High attention | 99.2% | 62.7% | 51.9% | Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction | | Turkey (TUR) | Critical attention | 65.3% | 43.9% | 9.2% | Current trade remains materially below historical peaks | | Benin (BEN) | Critical attention | 95.4% | 61% | 12.4% | Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure | | Netherlands (NLD) | High attention | 12.2% | 27.2% | 1.4% | Current trade remains materially below historical peaks | ### Emerging corridor signals | Destination | HS6 | Signal | Market imports | Current share | Strength | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Benin (BEN) | 847432 | new | $3.3M | 4.6% | 100 | | Bulgaria (BGR) | 270900 | new | $2.8B | 1.2% | 100 | | Brazil (BRA) | 550320 | new | $164.5M | 1.4% | 100 | | United Arab Emirates (ARE) | 970600 | new | $39.3M | 1% | 100 | | Angola (AGO) | 843890 | new | $12.5M | 1% | 100 | | Austria (AUT) | 270900 | new | $1.8B | 0.3% | 100 | | Austria (AUT) | 680100 | new | $19.5M | 1.2% | 100 | | Austria (AUT) | 680223 | new | $6.9M | 3.4% | 100 | | Canada (CAN) | 230400 | new | $563.5M | 0.1% | 100 | | Angola (AGO) | 382319 | new | $8.7M | 1.1% | 100 | ## Market opportunity signals These product-market combinations are ranked by the service's calculated addressable three-year value field. They organize follow-up research and are not forecasts or recommendations. | Rank | Market and HS6 | Buyer imports | Addressable 3-year value | Current share | Demand signal | | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 1 | China (CHN), HS6 260111: Iron ores and concentrates: non-agglomerated | $111.0B | $119.1B | 0% | Stable (-2.6%) | | 2 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (USA), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $165.0B | $114.8B | 0.4% | Growing (+1.1%) | | 3 | China (CHN), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $291.6B | $96.1B | 0.5% | Accelerating (-6.7%) | | 4 | China (CHN), HS6 854231: Electronic integrated circuits: processors and controllers, whether or not combined with memories, converters, logic circuits, amplifiers, clock and timing circuits, or other circuits | $158.0B | $93.1B | 0% | Declining (+10.5%) | | 5 | India (IND), HS6 270900: Oils: petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude | $130.1B | $72.8B | 0.1% | Growing (-0.5%) | | 6 | China (CHN), HS6 710812: Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder) | $80.8B | $64.9B | 0% | Accelerating (+2.4%) | | 7 | China (CHN), HS6 120190: Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken | $47.8B | $62.4B | 0% | Stable (-13.5%) | | 8 | China (CHN), HS6 854239: Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542 | $81.8B | $61.4B | 0% | Accelerating (+4%) | ## Detailed export portfolio by HS4 HS4 rows provide more detail beneath the top HS2 sector summary. The parent HS2 sector is retained to keep the product hierarchy clear. | Rank | HS4 | Parent HS2 sector | Exports | Share | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 7108 | Precious stones and metals (71) | $7.0B | 38.3% | 3 | | 2 | 2709 | Mineral fuels (27) | $4.5B | 24.4% | 1 | | 3 | 1801 | Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18) | $1.4B | 7.9% | 1 | | 4 | 1803 | Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18) | $626.4M | 3.4% | 2 | | 5 | 2602 | Ores, slag and ash (26) | $397.1M | 2.2% | 1 | | 6 | 0801 | Edible fruit and nuts (08) | $389.3M | 2.1% | 7 | | 7 | 1804 | Cocoa and cocoa preparations (18) | $376.7M | 2.1% | 1 | | 8 | 4001 | Rubber (40) | $213.6M | 1.2% | 4 | | 9 | 2710 | Mineral fuels (27) | $196.7M | 1.1% | 5 | | 10 | 2716 | Mineral fuels (27) | $180.5M | 1% | 1 | | 11 | 1604 | Prepared meat and fish (16) | $158.4M | 0.9% | 12 | | 12 | 1515 | Animal and vegetable fats (15) | $133.1M | 0.7% | 7 | ## Leading export destinations | Rank | Destination | ISO3 | Latest exports | Share | YoY | 3-year CAGR | | ---: | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | Switzerland, Liechtenstein | CHE | $3.7B | 20.4% | +18.9% | +17.3% | | 2 | United Arab Emirates | ARE | $2.6B | 14.2% | +95.8% | +54.9% | | 3 | China | CHN | $2.1B | 11.4% | +34% | +14.9% | | 4 | India | IND | $1.2B | 6.6% | -0.1% | -4.9% | | 5 | USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands | USA | $1.1B | 5.8% | -19.9% | -6.6% | | 6 | Netherlands | NLD | $765.4M | 4.2% | +28.2% | +3.4% | | 7 | Burkina Faso | BFA | $638.5M | 3.5% | +32.2% | +19% | | 8 | Canada | CAN | $577.1M | 3.2% | +42.4% | +11.5% | | 9 | Italy | ITA | $510.5M | 2.8% | -24% | +22.2% | | 10 | South Africa | ZAF | $466.9M | 2.6% | +69.1% | -6% | ## Export portfolio by HS2 | Rank | HS2 | Sector | Exports | Share | Export partners | Active HS6 | | ---: | ---: | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1 | 71 | Precious stones and metals | $7.1B | 38.6% | 78 | 35 | | 2 | 27 | Mineral fuels | $4.9B | 26.7% | 61 | 43 | | 3 | 18 | Cocoa and cocoa preparations | $2.6B | 14.2% | 135 | 11 | | 4 | 08 | Edible fruit and nuts | $588.5M | 3.2% | 109 | 67 | | 5 | 26 | Ores, slag and ash | $455.2M | 2.5% | 30 | 20 | | 6 | 15 | Animal and vegetable fats | $259.8M | 1.4% | 120 | 46 | | 7 | 40 | Rubber | $216.6M | 1.2% | 108 | 75 | | 8 | 44 | Wood and wood articles | $179.4M | 1% | 130 | 101 | | 9 | 72 | Iron and steel | $173.9M | 0.9% | 46 | 151 | | 10 | 76 | Aluminium | $160.2M | 0.9% | 82 | 34 | ## Annual export history | Year | Exports | Imports | Trade balance | Exports YoY | Exports 3-year CAGR | | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | 1995 | $1.1B | $1.3B | -$186.5M | Not reported | Not reported | | 1996 | $1.7B | $2.4B | -$755.2M | +47.3% | Not reported | | 1997 | $1.7B | $2.9B | -$1.2B | +3.2% | Not reported | | 1998 | $1.5B | $2.7B | -$1.2B | -13.5% | +9.6% | | 1999 | $1.7B | $2.8B | -$1.1B | +10.3% | -0.5% | | 2000 | $2.0B | $3.0B | -$980.3M | +18.5% | +4.2% | | 2001 | $1.7B | $3.1B | -$1.4B | -15% | +3.6% | | 2002 | $1.7B | $2.8B | -$1.1B | -0.3% | +0.2% | | 2003 | $2.4B | $3.5B | -$1.2B | +41.1% | +6.2% | | 2004 | $2.5B | $4.6B | -$2.1B | +5.3% | +14% | | 2005 | $3.2B | $5.4B | -$2.1B | +30% | +24.5% | | 2006 | $3.9B | $6.2B | -$2.3B | +19.5% | +17.8% | | 2007 | $4.4B | $8.0B | -$3.7B | +13.4% | +20.8% | | 2008 | $5.6B | $10.2B | -$4.6B | +27.1% | +19.9% | | 2009 | $6.0B | $7.9B | -$1.9B | +7.4% | +15.7% | | 2010 | $6.4B | $9.5B | -$3.1B | +7.2% | +13.5% | | 2011 | $13.4B | $14.6B | -$1.2B | +108.2% | +33.8% | | 2012 | $12.7B | $18.2B | -$5.5B | -4.9% | +28.5% | | 2013 | $13.5B | $16.2B | -$2.7B | +6.6% | +28.3% | | 2014 | $14.2B | $18.0B | -$3.8B | +5% | +2.1% | | 2015 | $12.3B | $16.9B | -$4.6B | -13.6% | -1.1% | | 2016 | $10.4B | $14.4B | -$4.0B | -15.5% | -8.5% | | 2017 | $13.0B | $15.2B | -$2.2B | +25% | -3% | | 2018 | $15.1B | $14.6B | $444.2M | +16.2% | +7.1% | | 2019 | $14.9B | $15.6B | -$741.8M | -1.4% | +12.7% | | 2020 | $13.0B | $13.6B | -$543.5M | -12.3% | +0.2% | | 2021 | $13.9B | $23.4B | -$9.5B | +6.6% | -2.7% | | 2022 | $17.3B | $21.2B | -$3.9B | +24.2% | +5.1% | | 2023 | $15.3B | $21.6B | -$6.3B | -11.3% | +5.5% | | 2024 | $18.3B | $16.9B | $1.4B | +19.6% | +9.6% | ## Partner and access context - Average partner distance: 7,346 km. - Partners with reported FTA context: 6.3%. - Average applied tariff context: 0.1%. - Average MFN tariff context: 0.1%. - Tariff advantage indicator: +0.1 pp. - Shared-border partners: 3. - Shared-language partners: 77. ## Exposure context - Attention share: 36.9% of covered export value. - Critical share: 8.6% of covered export value. - Export-weighted value below peak: 23.8%. - FTA-covered exports: 8.8%. - Export-weighted tariff context: 0.1%. - Primary context: Market access exposure. - Macro context: Macro trend resilient. ## Definitions and coverage Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year. CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations. Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated. ## Complete structured values The JSON block below contains the complete country profile, exposure context, annual history, sector rows, destination rows, source metadata, and links published with this page. ```json { "template": "T10", "canonicalTemplate": "TS-COUNTRY-10-EXPORT-CAPABILITY-PROFILE", "pageType": "Country export capability profile", "source": "reported", "generatedAt": "2026-08-28T13:25:08.661Z", "seo": { "title": "Ghana Export Profile: Data, Markets & Sectors | Yugalinks", "description": "Explore Ghana's export profile with OECD trade data: exports, top markets, HS2 and HS4 sectors, economy context, trade history, and calculated market signals.", "keywords": [ "Ghana export profile", "Ghana export data", "Ghana trade data", "Ghana export markets", "Ghana HS2 exports", "Ghana HS4 exports", "Ghana trade balance", "Ghana economic profile", "Ghana export opportunities", "OECD trade statistics", "export market research" ] }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "country": { "iso3": "GHA", "country_name": "Ghana", "iso2": "" }, "dataCoverage": { "firstYear": 1995, "latestYear": 2024, "observedYears": 30 }, "profile": { "year": 2024, "country_iso3": "GHA", "exports_usd": 18307382251.882656, "imports_usd": 16869076982.27301, "trade_balance_usd": 1438305269.6096458, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 19.63898777973947, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -21.83243987338461, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": 9.60778516313663, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": -10.320633534005685, "export_partner_hhi": 903.3268424211788, "export_product_hhi": 2122.676143583925, "momentum_score": 16.629626994758617, "risk_score": 15.130014930025517, "gdp_million_usd": 82308.11038646406, "gdp_per_capita_usd": 2390.77237652715, "population": 34427414, "labor_force": 14447.88, "investment_rate_pct": 23.75, "savings_rate_pct": 17.8, "secondary_education_pct": 69.53, "tertiary_education_pct": 4.1, "total_factor_productivity": 340.41, "trade_openness_pct": 44.21898524706629, "exports_gdp_pct": 23.01351197173252, "num_active_partners": 270, "num_fta_partners": 17, "num_wto_partners": 169, "num_eu_partners": 28, "num_shared_border_partners": 3, "num_shared_language_partners": 77, "avg_partner_distance_km": 7346.275720164609, "avg_partner_gdp_million_usd": 533678518.3258193, "avg_partner_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15.774186170212769, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_days": null, "avg_buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "pct_partners_with_fta": 6.296296296296296, "pct_partners_shared_language": 28.51851851851852, "pct_partners_shared_border": 1.1111111111111112, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 0.13212820260293706, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 0.13732185808967534, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 0.036201340336054585, "tariff_advantage_pp": 0.10112051775362076, "avg_distance_all_partners_km": 7319.099498675082, "num_border_partners": 70, "num_colonial_partners": 25, "avg_substitution_elasticity": -9.223608472868463, "pct_products_high_elasticity": 70.70484581497797, "pct_products_low_elasticity": 3.303964757709251, "real_market_potential": 113403.60117530223, "foreign_market_potential": 25019.84298436845 }, "exposureContext": { "country_iso3": "GHA", "all_history_lane_count": 3245, "current_lane_count": 1375, "critical_lane_count": 30, "high_attention_lane_count": 270, "high_volatility_lane_count": 816, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 699, "declining_demand_lane_count": 9, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 739, "access_friction_lane_count": 299, "buyer_macro_weakness_lane_count": 115, "monitored_exports_current_usd": 17342435371.71617, "attention_exports_usd": 6402052171.8123, "critical_exports_usd": 1488142645.5741475, "high_volatility_exports_usd": 6586566876.292496, "unrecovered_drawdown_exports_usd": 3598287136.174159, "non_fta_exports_usd": 15782407985.448236, "monitored_attention_share_pct": 36.91553138063542, "monitored_critical_share_pct": 8.58093234126254, "fta_covered_exports_share_pct": 8.808335836578445, "export_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.938129491758265, "export_weighted_below_peak_pct": 23.78052022931129, "export_weighted_distance_km": 6543.085089869715, "export_weighted_tariff_pct": 0.11532836574462826, "latest_data_year": 2024, "first_data_year": 1995, "country_years_count": 30, "total_exports_latest_usd": 18307382251.882656, "total_imports_latest_usd": 16869076982.27301, "trade_balance_latest_usd": 1438305269.6096458, "exports_yoy_latest_pct": 19.63898777973947, "exports_cagr_3y_latest_pct": 9.60778516313663, "gdp_latest_million_usd": 82308.11038646406, "gdp_per_capita_latest_usd": 2390.77237652715, "population_latest": 34427414, "investment_rate_latest_pct": 23.75, "savings_rate_latest_pct": 17.8, "trade_openness_latest_pct": 44.21898524706629, "exports_gdp_latest_pct": 23.01351197173252, "active_partners_latest": 270, "fta_partners_latest": 17, "foreign_market_potential_latest": 25019.84298436845, "gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 3.7856910333109672, "gdp_per_capita_5y_cagr_pct": 1.8008640533864417, "population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.9497152586874344, "partner_hhi_latest": 903.3268424211776, "partner_top1_share_latest_pct": 20.36190062581951, "partner_top3_share_latest_pct": 45.89260985000776, "partner_hhi_all_avg": 968.9714559942715, "partner_hhi_all_max": 2004.473152723324, "product_hhi_latest": 2122.676143583905, "product_top1_share_latest_pct": 37.91581539725731, "product_top3_share_latest_pct": 70.22751669466108, "product_hhi_all_avg": 1648.748883176414, "product_hhi_all_max": 2838.921991855943, "total_exports_attention_share_pct": 34.969784777143325, "total_exports_critical_share_pct": 8.128647914264821, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_driver": "Market access exposure", "macro_resilience_label": "Macro trend resilient" }, "history": [ { "year": 1995, "country_iso3": "GHA", "exports_usd": 1149483734.9173243, "imports_usd": 1335938562.909381, "trade_balance_usd": -186454827.9920566, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": null, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": null, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1996, "country_iso3": "GHA", "exports_usd": 1693221537.4122663, "imports_usd": 2448383496.3097367, "trade_balance_usd": -755161958.8974705, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 47.3027834999379, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 83.27066560438941, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1997, "country_iso3": "GHA", "exports_usd": 1746817137.5097635, "imports_usd": 2912098585.6054177, "trade_balance_usd": -1165281448.0956542, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": 3.165303471122094, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": 18.939642829426173, "exports_cagr_3y_pct": null, "imports_cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 1998, "country_iso3": "GHA", "exports_usd": 1511730190.040735, "imports_usd": 2682385352.084194, "trade_balance_usd": -1170655162.0434592, "yoy_exports_growth_pct": -13.458017008246493, "yoy_imports_growth_pct": -7.888236842554108, 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1, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.700877508393321, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 63.49274320649813, "signal_flag": "Growing", "lane_data_years": 7, "lane_last_year": 2024, "rank": 5, "importer_name": "India" }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "CHN", "hs_code": "710812", "hs_description": "Metals: gold, non-monetary, unwrought (but not powder)", "hs_chapter": 71, "hs_heading": 7108, "price_range_label": "Medium price range", "trade_type_label": "Two-way horizontal trade", "substitution_elasticity": -8.5809689, "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 80847019955.26123, "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 21476220561.151894, "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 80847019955.26123, "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 33.6933, "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 68.1507, "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 2.4022, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 68.9655, "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 157904335850.12, "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 246725524765.81, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 17734062.645370997, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 12556, 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"num_suppliers_latest": 44, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 2334.79, "distance_km": 11831.625, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0005999999702908099, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8.5, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6937735144501409, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 0, "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "lane_data_years": 3, "lane_last_year": 2018, "rank": 6, "importer_name": "China" }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "CHN", "hs_code": "120190", "hs_description": "Soya beans: other than seed, whether or not broken", "hs_chapter": 12, "hs_heading": 1201, "price_range_label": null, "trade_type_label": null, "substitution_elasticity": null, "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 47786414310.88837, "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 21186911722.821457, "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 55251613373.19546, "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 24.6213, "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 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"exports_proj_3y_usd": 30244.57, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 28806.95, "your_share_gap_pp": 67.4651, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 62396496605.9, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 96904673440.01, "peer_best_share_pct": 67.46513991949753, "peer_top_exporter": "BRA", "num_suppliers_latest": 22, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 5187.13, "distance_km": 11831.625, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0005999999702908099, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8.5, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8746612124242984, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 83.76927861328326, "signal_flag": "Stable", "lane_data_years": 3, "lane_last_year": 2024, "rank": 7, "importer_name": "China" }, { "exporter_iso3": "GHA", "importer_iso3": "CHN", "hs_code": "854239", "hs_description": "Electronic integrated circuits: n.e.c. in heading no. 8542", "hs_chapter": 85, "hs_heading": 8542, "price_range_label": null, "trade_type_label": null, "substitution_elasticity": -28.105183, "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 81807010253.73093, "buyer_imports_avg_usd": 34674526807.08274, "buyer_imports_peak_usd": 92414327677.18173, "buyer_cagr_full_pct": 15.8745, "buyer_yoy_avg_pct": 17.4318, "buyer_yoy_latest_pct": 4.0476, "buyer_trend_consistency_pct": 86.2069, "buyer_imports_proj_3y_usd": 127278275496.91, "buyer_imports_proj_5y_usd": 170895301746.69, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 17734062.645370997, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 12556, "buyer_population_latest": 1412359.985, "buyer_investment_rate": 44.52, "buyer_savings_rate": 45.77, "buyer_edu_secondary": 84.78, "buyer_gdp_mn_2030_proj": 23254511.23, "buyer_gdp_pc_2030_proj": 16362.42, "buyer_gdp_pc_growth_pct": 30.32, "buyer_gdp_mn_growth_pct": 31.13, "buyer_pop_growth_pct": 0.62, "exports_latest_usd": 15308.978294462495, "exports_avg_usd": 3044.2749559288313, "exports_peak_usd": 15308.978294462495, "share_latest_pct": 0.00003052115376261329, "share_avg_pct": 0.000008925569647851144, "share_peak_pct": 0.00003052115376261329, "share_change_1y_pp": 0.00001613512952999366, "share_trend_pp_per_yr": 0.000001, "cagr_full_pct": 20.7371, "yoy_avg_pct": 695.0923, "yoy_latest_pct": 118.912, "trend_consistency_pct": 57.1429, "exports_proj_3y_usd": 26944.38, "exports_proj_5y_usd": 39278.02, "your_share_gap_pp": 48.2428, "addressable_proj_3y_usd": 61402560353.35, "addressable_proj_5y_usd": 82444620172.91, "peer_best_share_pct": 48.242796314161644, "peer_top_exporter": "TWN", "num_suppliers_latest": 111, "buyer_herfindahl_index": 2635.7, "distance_km": 11831.625, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.0005999999702908099, "has_wto_reported_fta": 0, "buyer_is_eu_member": 0, "buyer_is_wto_member": 1, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8.5, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shares_land_border": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.6830419853179588, "lane_max_drawdown_pct": 93.78142207035661, "signal_flag": "Accelerating", "lane_data_years": 8, "lane_last_year": 2017, "rank": 8, "importer_name": "China" } ], "countryDirectory": [ { "iso3": "CHE", "country_name": "Switzerland, Liechtenstein" }, { "iso3": "ARE", "country_name": "United Arab Emirates" }, { "iso3": "CHN", "country_name": "China" }, { "iso3": "IND", "country_name": "India" }, { "iso3": "USA", "country_name": "USA, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands" }, { "iso3": "NLD", "country_name": "Netherlands" }, { "iso3": "BFA", "country_name": "Burkina Faso" }, { "iso3": "CAN", "country_name": "Canada" }, { "iso3": "ITA", "country_name": "Italy" }, { "iso3": "ZAF", "country_name": "South Africa" } ], "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-28", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-28" } ] }, "methodology": { "summary": "Reported country trade observations are combined with calculated growth, shares, concentration, tariff, partner-network, and exposure indicators. Calculated values are not additional reported trade.", "reportedValues": "Exports, imports, trade balance, annual history, destination rows, HS2 sector rows, and HS4 rows describe reported merchandise trade observations for the stated country and year.", "calculatedIndicators": "CAGR, year-on-year change, destination share, sector share, HHI, tariff context, distance averages, exposure shares, route risk context, emerging-corridor signals, addressable-value fields, and momentum are calculated or classified from the available observations.", "coverage": "This sample covers the available country history from 1995 through the latest reported year. The exact first and latest year are included in the structured payload.", "missingData": "Missing values are shown as Not reported and are not estimated." }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/country-export/GHA/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "dataCoverage": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage", "responsibleAi": "https://www.yugalinks.com/responsible-ai", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } } ``` ## About Yugalinks Yugalinks provides trade intelligence for teams researching products, markets, suppliers, and trade routes. Visit the [country workspace](https://www.yugalinks.com/app/countries), [methodology](https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology), [data coverage](https://www.yugalinks.com/data-coverage), or [contact Yugalinks](https://www.yugalinks.com/contact). ## Data sources - Primary trade series: OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-28). [OECD Data Explorer](https://data-explorer.oecd.org/) - [OECD Terms & Conditions](https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/) - CEPII BACI bilateral trade flows (202601): [dataset page](https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37) - [BACI documentation](https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html) - [Etalab 2.0 Open Licence](https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf) This page presents derived Yugalinks views of reported observations and calculated indicators.