{ "template": "Corridor pair risk profile", "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile", "source": "api", "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:13.294Z", "seo": { "title": "South Africa exports to Spain: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks", "description": "Understand reported exports from South Africa to Spain, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning." }, "publisher": { "name": "Yugalinks", "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com", "email": "support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" }, "exporter": { "iso3": "ZAF", "country_name": "South Africa" }, "importer": { "iso3": "ESP", "country_name": "Spain" }, "latestYear": 2024, "risk": { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "all_history_lane_count": 420, "current_lane_count": 233, "current_product_count": 233, "first_observed_last_year": 2000, "latest_data_year": 2024, "current_trade_usd": 1339901376.8704605, "attention_trade_usd": 524371362.87755007, "critical_trade_usd": 60299162.05125963, "high_volatility_trade_usd": 513145360.7541764, "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 300373552.3002217, "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0, "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 528602799.5100484, "access_friction_trade_usd": 0, "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0, "critical_lane_count": 3, "high_attention_lane_count": 34, "high_volatility_lane_count": 133, "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 114, "declining_demand_lane_count": 0, "concentrated_market_lane_count": 70, "access_friction_lane_count": 0, "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0069509061597295, "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 26.276383698268326, "product_concentration_hhi": 1076.542826815135, "top1_product_share_pct": 28.15264761892631, "top3_product_share_pct": 48.60711018016442, "top_product_hs6": "870421", "top_product_trade_usd": 377217713.0714825, "top_product_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1", "top_attention_product_hs6": "870332", "top_attention_product_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "distance_km": 8582.7822265625, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "common_spoken_language_score": 0.07848434150218964, "has_reported_fta": 1, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.6689382078733335, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868688, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.345547293486618, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.57486583338207, "buyer_biz_entry_days": 12.5, "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null, "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1425276.586283, "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 30116, "buyer_population_latest": 47326.687, "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.219593086678142, "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.4705637441098336, "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 0.7239057326687615, "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 24.381999999999998, "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 22.082, "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient", "attention_trade_share_pct": 39.13507157536456, "critical_trade_share_pct": 4.500268683363645, "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_markets" ], "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Buyer-market concentration is the largest observed corridor exposure", "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1425276.586283, "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 30116, "buyer_population_2024": 47326.687 }, "history": [ { "year": 2000, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 565730569.5991418, "yoy_growth_pct": null, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2001, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 609164165.7014517, "yoy_growth_pct": 7.677434884433665, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2002, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 696051214.0130435, "yoy_growth_pct": 14.263322303527426, "cagr_3y_pct": null }, { "year": 2003, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 876168496.7992978, "yoy_growth_pct": 25.877015822987847, "cagr_3y_pct": 15.698038374260669 }, { "year": 2004, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1220160042.1763227, "yoy_growth_pct": 39.26088950169391, "cagr_3y_pct": 26.055214834274864 }, { "year": 2005, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1468336099.680486, "yoy_growth_pct": 20.339631599597972, "cagr_3y_pct": 28.251196943064947 }, { "year": 2006, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1591397027.6087782, "yoy_growth_pct": 8.380978166720187, "cagr_3y_pct": 22.010433338646806 }, { "year": 2007, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1863405342.530793, "yoy_growth_pct": 17.092423210739092, "cagr_3y_pct": 15.158724479419238 }, { "year": 2008, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 2027631476.0864725, "yoy_growth_pct": 8.813226505653082, "cagr_3y_pct": 11.35793855219578 }, { "year": 2009, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1103434910.6492338, "yoy_growth_pct": -45.58010547464121, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.490600852167498 }, { "year": 2010, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1151473269.950911, "yoy_growth_pct": 4.353529042634019, "cagr_3y_pct": -14.824339863595103 }, { "year": 2011, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1306716618.528297, "yoy_growth_pct": 13.482149575561063, "cagr_3y_pct": -13.623129867152128 }, { "year": 2012, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1002303915.812031, "yoy_growth_pct": -23.29599994366903, "cagr_3y_pct": -3.1534318590771937 }, { "year": 2013, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 864986258.1404853, "yoy_growth_pct": -13.700201655931465, "cagr_3y_pct": -9.095555822834289 }, { "year": 2014, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 921526679.9172786, "yoy_growth_pct": 6.5365687887738, "cagr_3y_pct": -10.989310270828634 }, { "year": 2015, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 961675434.4976686, "yoy_growth_pct": 4.356765295606402, "cagr_3y_pct": -1.369848906017157 }, { "year": 2016, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 905394801.2872777, "yoy_growth_pct": -5.8523521753250485, "cagr_3y_pct": 1.5335558747367362 }, { "year": 2017, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1265123235.1736016, "yoy_growth_pct": 39.73166549828506, "cagr_3y_pct": 11.141172182714643 }, { "year": 2018, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1406857297.3598633, "yoy_growth_pct": 11.20318228657089, "cagr_3y_pct": 13.520381445926223 }, { "year": 2019, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1132565732.8016052, "yoy_growth_pct": -19.49675813410494, "cagr_3y_pct": 7.7478154198142635 }, { "year": 2020, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 879363917.1085572, "yoy_growth_pct": -22.356478600734963, "cagr_3y_pct": -11.418043199056882 }, { "year": 2021, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1327618775.868183, "yoy_growth_pct": 50.97489788227105, "cagr_3y_pct": -1.9138294220810925 }, { "year": 2022, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1553315756.412928, "yoy_growth_pct": 17.000134725961004, "cagr_3y_pct": 11.104617890415923 }, { "year": 2023, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1655914030.356219, "yoy_growth_pct": 6.605113835980214, "cagr_3y_pct": 23.487514150462594 }, { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "export_value_usd": 1396430074.8168068, "yoy_growth_pct": -15.670134486606912, "cagr_3y_pct": 1.698669051755708 } ], "riskLanes": [ { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "870421", "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), for transport of goods, (of a gvw not exceeding 5 tonnes), n.e.c. in item no 8704.1", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 2280509555.5073643, "current_below_peak_pct": 19.281974081129828, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9599327988453241, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "870332", "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 1500cc but not exceeding 2500cc", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 3671971002.8195114, "current_below_peak_pct": 5.505936056413845, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0514024553846169, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "710813", "hs_description": "Metals: gold, semi-manufactured", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 214108337.53707635, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.7787958277425258, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "720241", "hs_description": "Ferro-alloys: ferro-chromium, containing by weight more than 4% of carbon", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 104684861.5992737, "current_below_peak_pct": 62.66467296987434, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.35115914231237805, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "030474", "hs_description": "Fish fillets: frozen, hake (Merluccius spp., Urophycis spp.)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 300346726.4084934, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5180411336331785, "attention_level": "High attention", "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers", "risk_driver_labels": [ "concentrated_buyer_market", "dominant_supplier" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "261510", "hs_description": "Zirconium ores and concentrates", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 133477417.398364, "current_below_peak_pct": 73.51125404294791, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.38645277426863855, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "842139", "hs_description": "Machinery: for filtering or purifying gases, other than intake air filters for internal combustion engines", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 905119752.0318427, "current_below_peak_pct": 92.9226245500452, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.6849242632720052, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "unrecovered_drawdown" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "870333", "hs_description": "Vehicles: compression-ignition internal combustion piston engine (diesel or semi-diesel), cylinder capacity exceeding 2500cc", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 616535087.280463, "current_below_peak_pct": 67.13486005914201, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.3799133157730854, "attention_level": "Critical attention", "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility", "unrecovered_drawdown", "concentrated_buyer_market" ] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "030743", "hs_description": "Molluscs: cuttle fish and squid, whether in shell or not, frozen", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 1171806432.9187858, "current_below_peak_pct": 39.99761041650579, "lane_volatility_cv": 0.976452653177324, "attention_level": "Stable", "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified", "risk_driver_labels": [] }, { "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "hs_code": "760110", "hs_description": "Aluminium: unwrought, (not alloyed)", "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 369877791.8037158, "current_below_peak_pct": 0, "lane_volatility_cv": 1.0963488894036375, "attention_level": "Watch", "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years", "risk_driver_labels": [ "high_volatility" ] } ], "accessProfile": { "year": 2024, "exporter_iso3": "ZAF", "importer_iso3": "ESP", "distance_km": 8074, "shares_land_border": 0, "shares_official_language": 0, "shares_ethnic_language": 0, "shared_religion": 0, "shared_legal_system": 0, "shared_colonial_history": 0, "has_fta": 1, "rta_coverage_ratio": 1, "exporter_is_wto": 1, "importer_is_wto": 1, "exporter_is_eu": 0, "importer_is_eu": 1, "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1425276.586283, "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 30115.705886680804, "importer_population": 47326.687, "importer_biz_entry_days": 12.5, "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 3.9, "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 419946.428126, "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6994.21165355662, "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 1.6689382078733335, "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 5.920413126868688, "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 1.345547293486618, "tariff_advantage_pp": 4.57486583338207 }, "sourceAttribution": { "publisher": "OECD", "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D", "year": 2025, "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)", "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/", "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0", "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/", "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "supportingSources": [ { "publisher": "CEPII", "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows", "release": "202601", "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.", "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html", "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37", "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf", "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence", "accessed": "2026-08-29" } ] }, "links": { "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ZAF-ESP/risk", "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ZAF-ESP/risk/index.html", "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ZAF-ESP/risk/index.md", "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ZAF-ESP/risk/index.json", "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/ZAF-ESP/risk/index.ld.json", "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/", "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/", "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources", "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology", "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors", "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact", "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com", "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks" } }