{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:47:59.634Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Venezuela exports to South Korea: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Venezuela to South Korea, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "VEN",
    "country_name": "Venezuela"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "KOR",
    "country_name": "South Korea"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
    "importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "all_history_lane_count": 67,
    "current_lane_count": 4,
    "current_product_count": 4,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1995,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 3807698.760738793,
    "attention_trade_usd": 3107017.62829949,
    "critical_trade_usd": 0,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 1042479.4013710832,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 2064538.2269284069,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 1743160.5338103862,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 3807698.760738793,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 0,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 2,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 1,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 1,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 3,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 4,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 0.937867461227817,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 43.10817258299703,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 3957.432125642021,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 54.22010396977498,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 97.82536704829174,
    "top_product_hs6": "030389",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 2064538.2269284069,
    "top_product_description": "Fish: frozen, n.e.c. in heading 0303, excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "030389",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 14488.193359375,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.59992804646465,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.600262464040409,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 57.650675944242415,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -43.050413480202,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 8,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 1798533.915091,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 34758,
    "buyer_population_latest": 51744.877,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 1.3815058218118237,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 1.3868953035443221,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": -0.00531575773807802,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": 32.412,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": 34.20399999999999,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 81.59830447555278,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 0,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_product_mix",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "High attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 1798533.915091,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 34758,
    "buyer_population_2024": 51744.877
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 56923149.778169155,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 39568546.919284746,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -30.48777681227357,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 47275013.42924464,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 19.47624340534968,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 18796845.558263604,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -60.23936495248936,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -30.880803120016754
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 39685620.768288076,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 111.12915273616855,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 0.09852823605496219
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 24049577.70976933,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -39.39976937695572,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.171384348435172
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 29575537.904950242,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 22.977368924595186,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 16.309688604923412
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 37622026.09690201,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 27.206565837657948,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -1.764226872129615
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 36256860.20178085,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -3.628634703524325,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 14.664129680879224
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 51576720.29289518,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 42.25368662883242,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 20.366885540189195
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 141656315.22024807,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 174.65165372246742,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 55.57193498593804
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 52166267.49539391,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -63.17406152045852,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 12.892872606882388
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 48470376.4652072,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -7.084829349757571,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -2.049297107553538
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 17430656.392493233,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -64.03853721869639,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -50.2615095548256
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 19091594.091609687,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 9.528830479566807,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -28.47067236857469
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 97344233.89242397,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 409.88007300660405,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 26.166661952677185
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 139501047.38021672,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 43.30694464592595,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 100.02667178196005
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 105735178.62576191,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -24.204742106648368,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 76.9263169802802
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 35212506.19600538,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -66.69745428753075,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -28.748244608611827
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 13570442.769399567,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -61.46129817099175,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -54.009070903144085
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 20798429.303555105,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 53.26271704600649,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -41.84277465769837
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 25334919.032350622,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 21.81169386680604,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.393222044223748
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 13243427.948499259,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -47.72658269959938,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.8097925828263519
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 26207869.012738314,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 97.89339372445622,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.010768736541763
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 15038091.11477906,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -42.61993942556028,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -15.95902857885585
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 12870424.643839533,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -14.414505500696162,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.947793505965
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 13455025.937924199,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 4.5422067279224265,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -19.927336187710974
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 12182995.711855473,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.453941091881468,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -6.777561313689673
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 7185060.07894498,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -41.023864336149444,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -17.659687814704828
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "export_value_usd": 5865631.6833981555,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.363498440510785,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.175407797891502
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "030389",
      "hs_description": "Fish: frozen, n.e.c. in heading 0303, excluding fillets, fish meat of 0304, and edible fish offal of subheadings 0303.91 to 0303.99",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 340870545.2083184,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 79.50588329197544,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7413410387765884,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "180100",
      "hs_description": "Cocoa beans: whole or broken, raw or roasted",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 27706796.48096911,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.504668848740628,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "030752",
      "hs_description": "Molluscs: octopus (Octopus spp.), frozen",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 369604766.6800328,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7639110548855808,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
      "importer_iso3": "KOR",
      "hs_code": "010619",
      "hs_description": "Mammals: live, other than primates, whales, dolphins and porpoises (order Cetacea), manatees and dugongs (order Sirenia)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12110930.991353935,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta",
        "limited_history"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "VEN",
    "importer_iso3": "KOR",
    "distance_km": 14493,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 0,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 1798533.9150910003,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 34757.71939879189,
    "importer_population": 51744.877,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 8,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 14.6,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 438283.56710399996,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 15268.57259496072,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 14.59992804646465,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 14.600262464040409,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": 57.650675944242415,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": -43.050413480202
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/VEN-KOR/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/VEN-KOR/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/VEN-KOR/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/VEN-KOR/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/VEN-KOR/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}