{
  "template": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "pageType": "Corridor pair risk profile",
  "source": "api",
  "generatedAt": "2026-08-29T11:48:04.727Z",
  "seo": {
    "title": "Türkiye exports to Peru: Trade Route Risk | Yugalinks",
    "description": "Understand reported exports from Türkiye to Peru, the product routes that need a closer look, and the conditions that may affect planning."
  },
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Yugalinks",
    "url": "https://www.yugalinks.com",
    "email": "support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  },
  "exporter": {
    "iso3": "TUR",
    "country_name": "Türkiye"
  },
  "importer": {
    "iso3": "PER",
    "country_name": "Peru"
  },
  "latestYear": 2024,
  "risk": {
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "importer_iso3": "PER",
    "all_history_lane_count": 329,
    "current_lane_count": 279,
    "current_product_count": 279,
    "first_observed_last_year": 1996,
    "latest_data_year": 2024,
    "current_trade_usd": 203370230.205165,
    "attention_trade_usd": 137858436.61841196,
    "critical_trade_usd": 62420576.13389228,
    "high_volatility_trade_usd": 122804133.17048804,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_trade_usd": 97454664.89174087,
    "declining_demand_trade_usd": 0,
    "concentrated_market_trade_usd": 140275469.16365027,
    "access_friction_trade_usd": 203370230.205165,
    "buyer_macro_weakness_trade_usd": 0,
    "critical_lane_count": 2,
    "high_attention_lane_count": 22,
    "high_volatility_lane_count": 178,
    "unrecovered_drawdown_lane_count": 98,
    "declining_demand_lane_count": 0,
    "concentrated_market_lane_count": 133,
    "access_friction_lane_count": 279,
    "trade_weighted_volatility_cv": 1.0131385428855058,
    "trade_weighted_below_peak_pct": 39.72373664214085,
    "product_concentration_hhi": 726.6618155343947,
    "top1_product_share_pct": 22.622853323542593,
    "top3_product_share_pct": 39.75904904343741,
    "top_product_hs6": "721420",
    "top_product_trade_usd": 46008148.88306539,
    "top_product_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling",
    "top_attention_product_hs6": "721420",
    "top_attention_product_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
    "distance_km": 12235.41796875,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "common_spoken_language_score": 0,
    "has_reported_fta": 0,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.561971103797985,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 13.561971103797985,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null,
    "buyer_biz_entry_days": 26,
    "buyer_biz_entry_cost_pct": null,
    "buyer_gdp_mn_latest": 223249.4975,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_latest": 6692,
    "buyer_population_latest": 33359.417,
    "buyer_gdp_5y_cagr_pct": 4.840135059417383,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_5y_cagr_pct": 3.7332793866574843,
    "buyer_population_5y_cagr_pct": 1.0670208049956331,
    "buyer_investment_5y_avg_pct": null,
    "buyer_savings_5y_avg_pct": null,
    "buyer_macro_resilience_label": "Buyer macro trend resilient",
    "attention_trade_share_pct": 67.7869305056777,
    "critical_trade_share_pct": 30.693074434208405,
    "risk_driver_labels": [
      "high_volatility",
      "unrecovered_drawdown",
      "concentrated_buyer_markets",
      "market_access_friction"
    ],
    "attention_level": "Critical attention",
    "primary_risk_reason": "Tariff, distance or agreement conditions create market-access friction",
    "buyer_gdp_mn_2024": 223249.4975,
    "buyer_gdp_pc_2024": 6692,
    "buyer_population_2024": 33359.417
  },
  "history": [
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 15806098.44141893,
      "yoy_growth_pct": null,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 2452067.639366995,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -84.48657239194779,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 6006121.639279147,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 144.94110777587017,
      "cagr_3y_pct": null
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 6508558.627246515,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.365414790827819,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -25.60335010052357
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 10727100.272232825,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 64.81529761945141,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 63.54978019724386
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 5914817.45269863,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -44.860984771353564,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.5093181250457324
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 10074276.801017335,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 70.3227002622195,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 15.675935221653937
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 13817271.327300297,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 37.153977404164465,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 8.804447637886103
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 10115406.41490426,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -26.79157718414241,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.58608923439762
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 7143813.313781541,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -29.376902708963904,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -10.82589912163402
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 11065683.245840004,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 54.89883007570422,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.135017151084577
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 10055517.656965287,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -9.128813525856838,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -0.19774239153141915
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 16464404.819818076,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 63.73502967709932,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 32.09062030862151
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 104543002.85230759,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 534.9637536029848,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 111.40028996939333
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 85543454.98548359,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -18.173906764152814,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 104.13969017493163
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 180206612.6853086,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 110.66090060997537,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 122.02824657894044
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 322736843.0342362,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 79.09267491633362,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.60776151553174
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 265072180.12727064,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -17.86739386951506,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 45.78934599126674
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 308770400.3680677,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.485404171730124,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 19.661647850674903
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 288777719.5734003,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -6.47493437545672,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -3.6381686038924332
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 222063734.14190242,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -23.102192762672892,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -5.73050885545009
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 112697631.64480807,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -49.2498709524571,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -28.535058453742746
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 122743801.69361715,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 8.914269006532315,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -24.812560374521787
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 178297424.55384618,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 45.259819309570815,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -7.055760726964255
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 185200139.5233853,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 3.871460839556029,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 18.007290816165078
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 228337897.39405534,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 23.292508300309912,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 22.98707583070292
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 576862043.924011,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 152.6352613856684,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 47.902539683608666
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 463648092.17518383,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -19.625827863228363,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 35.7841430825242
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 250518136.5103022,
      "yoy_growth_pct": -45.96804327717433,
      "cagr_3y_pct": 3.138400422986165
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "export_value_usd": 292885558.4674836,
      "yoy_growth_pct": 16.911918054060358,
      "cagr_3y_pct": -20.223435256001533
    }
  ],
  "riskLanes": [
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "721420",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or hot-extruded, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process or twisted after rolling",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 194744094.79666734,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 73.03693171359929,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.010583813037693,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "150420",
      "hs_description": "Fats and oils and their fractions: of fish, (excluding liver-oils)",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 71031242.02623811,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.7249195852255761,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "The buyer market is concentrated among relatively few suppliers",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "721621",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: L sections, hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of a height of less than 80mm",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 17921918.97515025,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 60.26870124279697,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.8471393829633734,
      "attention_level": "Critical attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "260800",
      "hs_description": "Zinc ores and concentrates",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 12368268.527379297,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 61.120489305237555,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.5502311010831231,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "391231",
      "hs_description": "Cellulose ethers: carboxymethylcellulose and its salts, in primary forms",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 15094520.006488448,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 38.92408252796919,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.1203443716707249,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "720720",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: semi-finished products of iron or non-alloy steel, containing by weight 0.25% or more of carbon",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 74346328.36862822,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 95.20838340437399,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.050924335050283,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "721310",
      "hs_description": "Iron or non-alloy steel: bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils, containing indentations, ribs, grooves or other deformations produced during the rolling process",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 36355126.13425472,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 87.17813185152447,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9245680024407438,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Current trade remains more than 50% below its historical peak",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "unrecovered_drawdown",
        "concentrated_buyer_market",
        "dominant_supplier",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "847490",
      "hs_description": "Machines, for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing etc mineral substances, for agglomerating, shaping or moulding solid fuels, ceramic pastes etc, for forming foundry moulds of sand: parts",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 192637436.35246927,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 10.477635984528415,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.041105362779885,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "870899",
      "hs_description": "Vehicle parts and accessories: n.e.c. in heading no. 8708",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 143742284.1284377,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 3.2593947658016695,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 1.032007099811933,
      "attention_level": "High attention",
      "primary_risk_reason": "Trade has varied substantially across reported years",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "high_volatility",
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    },
    {
      "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
      "importer_iso3": "PER",
      "hs_code": "842959",
      "hs_description": "Mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders: n.e.c. in item no. 8429.50",
      "buyer_imports_latest_usd": 90350710.23973969,
      "current_below_peak_pct": 0,
      "lane_volatility_cv": 0.9172601229095118,
      "attention_level": "Watch",
      "primary_risk_reason": "No material risk condition is currently identified",
      "risk_driver_labels": [
        "long_distance_without_fta"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "accessProfile": {
    "year": 2024,
    "exporter_iso3": "TUR",
    "importer_iso3": "PER",
    "distance_km": 12219,
    "shares_land_border": 0,
    "shares_official_language": 0,
    "shares_ethnic_language": 0,
    "shared_religion": 0,
    "shared_legal_system": 1,
    "shared_colonial_history": 0,
    "has_fta": 0,
    "rta_coverage_ratio": null,
    "exporter_is_wto": 1,
    "importer_is_wto": 1,
    "exporter_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_is_eu": 0,
    "importer_gdp_million_usd": 223249.4975,
    "importer_gdp_per_capita_usd": 6692.248173881455,
    "importer_population": 33359.417,
    "importer_biz_entry_days": 26,
    "importer_biz_entry_cost_pct": 9.4,
    "exporter_gdp_million_usd": 815271.751724,
    "exporter_gdp_per_capita_usd": 9586.612900959013,
    "avg_applied_tariff_pct": 13.561971103797985,
    "avg_mfn_tariff_pct": 13.561971103797985,
    "avg_preferential_tariff_pct": null,
    "tariff_advantage_pp": null
  },
  "sourceAttribution": {
    "publisher": "OECD",
    "dataset": "Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D",
    "year": 2025,
    "citation": "OECD (2025), Balanced international merchandise trade statistics (BIMTS) - HS2017-6D, OECD Data Explorer (accessed on 2026-08-29)",
    "sourceUrl": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
    "dataflowUrl": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/sti-public/rest/dataflow/OECD.SDD.TPS/DSD_BIMTS_6D@DF_BIMTS_HS2017_6D/1.0",
    "termsUrl": "https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions/",
    "terms": "OECD Terms & Conditions",
    "accessed": "2026-08-29",
    "supportingSources": [
      {
        "publisher": "CEPII",
        "dataset": "BACI bilateral trade flows",
        "release": "202601",
        "citation": "Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level. The 1994-2007 Version, CEPII Working Paper No. 2010-23.",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/doc/baci_webpage.html",
        "datasetUrl": "https://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37",
        "licenseUrl": "https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf",
        "license": "Etalab 2.0 Open Licence",
        "accessed": "2026-08-29"
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "canonical": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/TUR-PER/risk",
    "html": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/TUR-PER/risk/index.html",
    "markdown": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/TUR-PER/risk/index.md",
    "json": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/TUR-PER/risk/index.json",
    "jsonLd": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/corridor/TUR-PER/risk/index.ld.json",
    "home": "https://www.yugalinks.com/",
    "tradeHub": "https://www.yugalinks.com/trade/",
    "dataSources": "https://www.yugalinks.com/data-sources",
    "methodology": "https://www.yugalinks.com/methodology",
    "workspace": "https://www.yugalinks.com/app/corridors",
    "contact": "https://www.yugalinks.com/contact",
    "email": "mailto:support@yugalinks.com",
    "linkedin": "https://in.linkedin.com/company/yugalinks"
  }
}